利用者:加藤勝憲/米国ジャーマン・マーシャル財団
 GMF headquarters in Washington, D.C. | |
| 略称 | GMF |
|---|---|
| 設立 | 1972年6月5日 |
| 種類 | Public policy think tank and grantmaking institution |
| 本部 | 1744 R Street NW |
| 所在地 | |
| President | Heather Conley |
米国ジャーマン・マーシャル財団（GMF）は、北米と欧州連合（EU）の協力と理解の促進を目指すアメリカの超党派公共政策シンクタンクである。
GMFは1972年、マーシャル・プラン25周年を記念して西ドイツ政府から贈られた寄付金によって設立され、大西洋横断的な問題やグローバルな問題についての調査・分析、国際会議での政策・ビジネスリーダーの招集、アメリカやヨーロッパの新進リーダーへの交流機会の提供、民主主義強化のためのイニシアチブの支援などを行っている[1]。GMFは政策、リーダーシップ、市民社会に焦点を当てている[2][3]。
GMFはワシントンD.C.に本部を置き、ベルリン、ブリュッセル、アンカラ、ベオグラード、ブカレスト、パリ、ワルシャワにオフィスを構えている[1]。
Current programs
[編集]GMFのプログラムには、民主主義確保同盟[4]、ブリュッセル・フォーラム[5]、大西洋対話[6][7]、大西洋横断アカデミー、大西洋横断動向調査などがある。
Some GMF programs are the Alliance for Securing Democracy, the Brussels Forum, Atlantic Dialogues, Transatlantic Academy, and the Transatlantic Trends Survey.
GMFの政策プログラムには、アジア、欧州連合、欧州東部とロシア、外交・安全保障政策、エネルギー安全保障、NATO、貿易・投資、都市・地域政策などがある。GMFのリーダーシップ・プログラムには、マンフレッド・ヴェルナー・セミナー、マーシャル・メモリアル・フェローシップ、大西洋横断インクルージョン・リーダーズ・ネットワーク、マーシャル・セミナー、大西洋横断リーダーシップ・セミナー、連邦議会フォーラム、ヤング大西洋横断ネットワークなどがある。
GMF's policy programs include Asia, the European Union, Europe's East and Russia, Foreign and Security Policy, Energy Security, NATO, Trade and Investment and Urban and Regional Policy. GMF's leadership programs include the Manfred Wörner Seminar, the Marshall Memorial Fellowship, the Transatlantic Inclusion Leaders Network, Marshall Seminar, the Transatlantic Leadership Seminar, the Congress Bundestag Forum and the Young Transatlantic Network.
GMFの市民社会プロジェクトには、バルカン民主化トラスト、黒海地域協力トラスト、ベラルーシ民主化基金などがある。
リーダーシップ
[編集]GMFの会長はヘザー・コンリーで、カレン・ドンフリードがバイデン政権[8]で欧州担当国務次官補として国務省に入省するため2014年から務めていた職務を離れ、2021年に就任した[8]。
GMFの歴代会長には、ベンジャミン・H・リード（1973～1977年）、ロバート・ジェラルド・リビングストン（1977～1981年）、フランク・E・ロイ（1981～1995年）、クレイグ・ケネディ（1996～2014年）らがいる。
経緯
[編集]設立
[編集]GMFは、西ドイツ政府からの助成金によるマーシャル・プラン援助の恒久的記念事業として設立された。設立したのは、1970年代初頭にハーバード大学の西ヨーロッパ研究プログラムのディレクターを務めていたギド・ゴールドマンである。1940年に家族でドイツを脱出したアメリカ人であるゴールドマンは、西ドイツ政府、特にアレックス・メラー蔵相に、マーシャル・プラン援助25周年を機に、欧米関係を促進するための基金設立を働きかけた[9]。
物理学者のハーヴェイ・ブルックス、外交官のロバート・エルズワース、ジャーナリストのマックス・フランキー、経済学者のリチャード・クーパー、教育者のハワード・スウェアラーら、基金の最初の評議員会を構成することになる企画グループと協力して、ゴールドマンは最終的に1971年に独立した機関を支援する合意を得た[10]。
German Chancellor Willy Brandt, announced the creation of GMF in a speech on June 5, 1972, at Harvard, saying that it would help increase U.S.–European cooperation and mutual understanding. Brandt wrote four years later:
わが政府は、マーシャル・プラン発足25周年を、親しみを込めた追悼の言葉以上の何かで祝おうと考えていた......。私自身は、連邦政府が議会の承認を得て、マーシャル記念基金に資金を提供することを決議したと発表した[11]。
Other charter members of the board of trustees included economist Carl Kaysen, judge Arlin Adams, and businessman Donald M. Kendall. The first president, selected in 1973, was Benjamin H. Read, who was later to become U.S. Under Secretary of State for Management.[12]
Early days (1972–1989)
[編集]In the 1970s and 1980s, GMF dispersed grants in accordance with its mission, including to academic researchers and to the Public Broadcasting Service and National Public Radio. It also provided the initial funding for the Institute for International Economics, now the Peterson Institute for International Economics. By 1977, the organization had spent more than $7 million on nearly 100 projects involving the United States, West Germany, France, Britain, Italy, Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, the Netherlands, Norway, Switzerland, Japan and Canada. Academic Michael Naumann has said that GMF was one of the first think tanks to focus on the importance of soft power at a time when most academic focus was on military issues.[13]
In addition to grants, GMF also began a U.S.-Europe parliamentary exchange program and the Marshall Memorial Fellowship, which has since funded the exchange of over 3000 young leaders across the Atlantic. 1977 was also the first year GMF organized a parliamentary exchange between the United States and Europe, with 12 young European parliamentarians visiting the U.S. Congress in Washington.
In 1980, GMF opened its first European office in Bonn. In 1985, the West German government renewed its grant to GMF. In 1987, George Kennan gave the keynote address at a conference organized in West Berlin by GMF to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the Marshall Plan. Also in the 1980s, GMF supported programs such as a National Governors Association initiative to tackle acid rain, and began to work actively with the democracy movements of Central and Eastern Europe through the funding of small grants.[12]
GMF expansion (1989–present)
[編集]After the Berlin Wall fell in 1989, GMF was among the first U.S. organizations to establish a presence in what had been East Berlin, in 1990. It moved its Bonn operations to Berlin in 1992. In 2006, GMF acquired its current headquarters in Washington, D.C., a building that until 1963 had housed the West German chancery, and that had hosted such figures as John F. Kennedy, Konrad Adenauer, Lyndon B. Johnson, and George C. Marshall. German Chancellor Angela Merkel dedicated the new building.
GMF rapidly expanded its work in Central and Eastern Europe and played an instrumental role during the 1990s in assisting with the transitions to democracy in this region. In the 2000s, GMF established an office in Bratislava for activities in Central and Eastern Europe, the Balkan Trust for Democracy in Belgrade, the Black Sea Trust in Bucharest, and an office in Warsaw. In 2001, GMF established a center in Brussels and an office in Paris.
GMF also began to expand its public policy activities. In 2002, GMF conducted its first survey, along with the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. The next year, it was renamed Transatlantic Trends, and became an annual indicator of public opinion on both sides of the Atlantic. GMF established its Transatlantic Fellows program to enable permanent resident expertise on global public policy issues. It also founded the Transatlantic Academy for visiting scholars, and initiated the Transatlantic Take commentary series. GMF's exchange programs also expanded with the addition of American Marshall Memorial Fellows, the initiation of the Manfred Worner Seminar for defense specialists, and the establishment of the Congress-Bundestag Forum.[12]
By the mid-2000s, GMF established itself as a major convener on transatlantic issues. In 2004, GMF organized a major conference in Istanbul in the run-up to the NATO Summit, which led to the opening of an office in Ankara. In 2005, GMF hosted President George W. Bush in Brussels, where he delivered the first foreign speech of his second term. The next year, 2006, saw the first Brussels Forum, now the preeminent conference on transatlantic relations. GMF's convening continued to grow every year and began hosting expert dialogues on Turkey, China, India, and the Mediterranean, as well as events alongside international climate change summits in Copenhagen and Cancun. In 2012, GMF added a second annual event, The Atlantic Dialogues, in Morocco. Speakers at GMF events have included John Kerry, Robert Gates, Madeleine Albright, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Catherine Ashton, Condoleezza Rice, Wolfgang Schauble, Gordon Brown, and Zbigniew Brzezinski, among many other European and U.S. heads of state and government, cabinet ministers, and legislators.
Major conferences
[編集]Brussels Forum
[編集]Brussels Forum is an annual meeting of influential U.S., European, and global political, corporate, and intellectual leaders in Brussels. Participants include heads of state and government, senior officials from the European Union institutions and the member states, U.S. cabinet officials, congressional representatives, parliamentarians, academics, and media.[14]
Atlantic Dialogues
[編集]The Atlantic Dialogues is an annual event in Morocco involving around 300 high-level public- and private-sector leaders from around the Atlantic Basin, including Africa and Latin America. Topics of discussion include cross-regional issues ranging from security to economics, migration to energy.[15]
Stockholm China Forum
[編集]Stockholm China Forum is a bi-annual, trilateral conference of European, U.S. and Chinese officials, academics, business leaders and other attendees. The forum has run since 2007, when it was established to create an informal, off-the-record space to foster transatlantic cooperation on China policy, and trilateral cooperation on areas of agreement and mutual interest.
Leadership programs
[編集]- Marshall Memorial Fellowship
- Transatlantic Inclusion Leadership Network
- Manfred Wörner Seminar
- The Policy Designers Network (PDN)
- Young Strategists Forum
脚注・参考文献
[編集]外部リンク
[編集]- URLが見つかりません。ここでURLを指定するかウィキデータに追加してください。
[[Category:ワシントンD.C.の非営利組織]] [[Category:米独関係]] [[Category:未査読の翻訳があるページ]]
- ^ a b “About Us”. German Marshall Fund. 18 July 2013閲覧。
- ^ “About Us”. 2024年4月12日閲覧。
- ^ “UNITED STATES: USAID's anti-Russian influence frontman Brock Bierman joins German Marshall Fund - 16/07/2021” (英語). Intelligence Online (2021年7月16日). 2021年8月1日閲覧。
- ^ “German Marshall Fund of the United States - for support of the Alliance for Securing Democracy” (英語). Hewlett Foundation. 2021年8月1日閲覧。
- ^ NATO. “Secretary General opens "NATO 2030 at Brussels Forum" event” (英語). NATO. 2021年8月1日閲覧。
- ^ “The Atlantic Dialogues Conference”. www.mamopanel.org. 2021年8月1日閲覧。
- ^ “German Marshall Fund: Applications Open for the Atlantic Dialogues Emerging Leaders Program” (英語). fundsforNGOs (2016年8月8日). 2021年8月1日閲覧。
- ^ “GMF President Dr. Karen Donfried Appointed Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs | Strengthening Transatlantic Cooperation” (英語). www.gmfus.org. 2023年5月22日閲覧。
- ^ Rayasam, Renuka (1 June 2012). “Trans-Atlantic Titan: The End of an Era at the German Marshall Fund”. Der Spiegel 18 July 2013閲覧。
- ^ Siegel, Nicholas (2012), The German Marshall Fund of the United States: A Brief History, GMF, pp. 4–6
- ^ Brandt, Willy (1976) (ドイツ語). Begegnungen und Einsichten. Die Jahre 1960–1975 [People and Politics. The Years 1960–1975]. p. 308
- ^ a b c Siegel, Nicholas (2012), The German Marshall Fund of the United States: A Brief History, GMF, pp. 11–21
- ^ Siegel, Nicholas (2012), The German Marshall Fund of the United States: A Brief History, GMF
- ^ “Brussels Forum”. German Marshall Fund. 14 October 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。28 May 2014閲覧。
- ^ “The Atlantic Dialogues”. German Marshall Fund. 28 May 2014閲覧。