利用者:Wadakuramon/sandbox/01
Template:Autism rights movement
ジム・シンクレア (Jim Sinclair) は、アメリカ合衆国の自閉症活動家および作家で、ニューロダイバーシティ・ムーブメントの先駆者である[1]。シンクレアはXenia Grantとドナ・ウィリアムズと共に、Autism Network International (ANI) を創設し[2]、ANIの初代コーディネーターとなった[3]。彼は自閉症の反治療の立場を提唱し、自閉症は人間のアイデンティティの不可欠な一部で、治療すべきでないと主張している[4]。シンクレアはインターセックスで、代名詞はXe/Xem/Xyrを使用している[5][6]。
Biography
[編集]シンクレアはユダヤ人の両親と兄の家庭に育った。幼いころに、他の障害者に共感を持った。彼/彼女は目の見えない男性が杖を突いて歩いているのを見て、祖父母の家の地下室で見つけた杖で真似をした。6歳の時、兄とジョニー・ウエスト人形で遊んだ。人形の片方の腕がこわれた時には、投げ縄を即席の吊紐にして固定した。別の人形が壊れた時は、車椅子を作った。それについて、「小さいころから、壊れたからといって人を見捨ててはいけないと考えていた」と説明している[7]。
シンクレアは、12歳になるまでしゃべらなかったと言っている。女の子として育ったが、インターセックスの身体を持ち、1997年に北米インターセックス協会の紹介では、「身体的にも精神的にも、中性であることを誇りに思い、公開している」と書いている。Sinclair has said that xe did not speak until age 12.[4] Sinclair was raised as a girl, but describes having an intersex body,[8] and in a 1997 introduction to the Intersex Society of North America, Sinclair wrote, "I remain openly and proudly neuter, both physically and socially."[9] Xyr first act of self-definition was to jump off xyr father's lap and shout "No!" when xyr father sang to xem about being "Daddy's little girl". Jim objected to undergo a Bat Mitzvah, saying xe "didn't want to do it under false pretenses".[7] Jim appeared on the Jesse Sally Raphael show as a guest with the alias "Toby" to talk about being intersex and asexual.[10]
Jim was taken to a series of doctors and therapists to determine why xe struggled to get ideas across. Xe did not initially get an autism diagnosis, but would be told by xyr parents "stop acting so autistic!" when flapping hands or rocking.[7]
In 1998, Sinclair was a graduate student of rehabilitation counseling at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York.[3][11]
Sinclair was the first person to "articulate the autism rights position".[1]
Views
[編集]In 1993, Sinclair wrote the essay "Don't Mourn for Us" (1993) with an anti-cure perspective on autism.[12] The essay has been thought of by some[誰?] to be a touchstone for the fledgling autism-rights movement and has been mentioned in The New York Times[4] and New York Magazine.[1] In the essay, Sinclair writes,
You didn't lose a child to autism. You lost a child because the child you waited for never came into existence. That isn't the fault of the autistic child who does exist, and it shouldn't be our burden. We need and deserve families who can see us and value us for ourselves, not families whose vision of us is obscured by the ghosts of children who never lived. Grieve if you must, for your own lost dreams. But don't mourn for us. We are alive. We are real.[12]
—Jim Sinclair, "Don't Mourn for Us", Our Voice, Vol. 1, No. 3, 1993
Sinclair also expresses their frustration with the double standard autistic people face, such as being told their persistence is "pathological" when neurotypical people are praised for their dedication to something important to him.[11] Sinclair has criticized the medical view that autistic people have deficits in social skills, arguing that autistic people can be compared to a different culture in a neurotypical-dominated society.[13]
Sinclair is the first documented autistic person to reject people-first language.[6]
Autreat
[編集]Sinclair established and ran Autreat, the first independent autistic-run gathering,[14] for fifteen years after attending conferences that mainly included parents of autistic children and professionals. Xe and other autistic adults described these conferences as isolating and dehumanizing. Autreat explicitly prioritizes autistic needs, with programs like an "Ask a Neurotypical" panel.[6]
See also
[編集]References
[編集]- ^ a b c Solomon, Andrew (2008-05-25). “The Autism Rights Movement”. New York Magazine 2008年6月28日閲覧。.
- ^ Shapiro, Joseph (26 June 2006). “Autism Movement Seeks Acceptance, Not Cures”. NPR 29 February 2016閲覧。
- ^ a b “Information About Presentations”. Autreat (1998年). 2024年1月12日閲覧。
- ^ a b c Harmon, Amy (2004年12月20日). “How About Not 'Curing' Us, Some Autistics Are Pleading”. The New York Times 2007年11月7日閲覧。
- ^ “Personal Voices-Toby: An Asexual Person”. Ace Archive. March 6, 2024時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ a b c Pripas-Kapit, Sarah (2020), Kapp, Steven K., ed., “Historicizing Jim Sinclair's "Don't Mourn for Us": A Cultural and Intellectual History of Neurodiversity's First Manifesto” (英語), Autistic Community and the Neurodiversity Movement: Stories from the Frontline (Springer): pp. 23–39, doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8437-0_2, ISBN 978-981-13-8437-0
- ^ a b c Silberman, Steve (2015). NeuroTribes: The Legacy of Autism and the Future of Neurodiversity. Avery An Imprint of Penguin Random House. pp. 432–434. ISBN 978-0-399-18561-8
- ^ Leith, Sam (16 February 2013). “Family Differences”. The Spectator. オリジナルの6 March 2016時点におけるアーカイブ。 2 March 2016閲覧。
- ^ Sinclair, Jim (1997年). “Self-introduction to the Intersex Society of North America”. Syracuse University. 2009年2月7日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2011年6月28日閲覧。
- ^ “Sally Jesse Raphael interviews Toby, a neuter, genderless person (1989)” (英語). YouTube. 2024年9月26日閲覧。
- ^ a b “Learning to Live With Autism”. Syracuse Herald Journal. (16 August 1999) 2 March 2016閲覧。
- ^ a b Sinclair, Jim (1993年). “Don't mourn for us”. Autreat. 2014年8月11日閲覧。
- ^ Sinclair, Jim (2010-02-22). “Being Autistic Together” (英語). Disability Studies Quarterly 30 (1). doi:10.18061/dsq.v30i1.1075. ISSN 2159-8371.
- ^ Ari, Ne'eman (2019). “The Neurodiversity Movement”. In Rembis, Michael A.. Disability: a reference handbook. Contemporary world issues. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, LLC. pp. 99–104. ISBN 978-1-4408-6229-8
External links
[編集]
- 20th-century American LGBTQ people
- 20th-century American writers
- 21st-century American LGBTQ people
- 21st-century American writers
- American activists with disabilities
- American health activists
- Non-binary asexual people
- Autism activists
- Intersex non-binary people
- LGBTQ writers with disabilities
- Living people
- Non-binary activists
- Autistic writers
- Syracuse University alumni
- Year of birth missing (living people)
- American intersex writers
- Autistic LGBTQ people