利用者:Tomohiro0209/sandbox
The FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) movement is a lifestyle movement whose goal is financial independence and retiring early. The model became particularly popular among millennials in the 2010s, gaining traction through online communities via information shared in blogs, podcasts, and online discussion forums.[1][2][3][4][5]
Those seeking to attain FIRE intentionally maximize their savings rate by finding ways to increase income or decrease expenses. The objective is to accumulate assets until the resulting passive income provides enough money for living expenses in perpetuity. Proponents of the FIRE movement suggest the 4% rule as a guide, thus setting a goal of at least 25 times estimated annual living expenses. Upon reaching financial independence, paid work becomes optional, allowing for retirement from traditional work decades earlier than the standard retirement age.
Background
[編集]FIRE is achieved through aggressive saving, far more than the standard 10–15% typically recommended by financial planners.[6] Assuming constant income and expenses, and neglecting investment returns, observe that:
- At a savings rate of 10%, it takes (1-0.1)/0.1 = 9 years of work to save for 1 year of living expenses.
- At a savings rate of 25%, it takes (1-0.25)/0.25 = 3 years of work to save for 1 year of living expenses.
- At a savings rate of 50%, it takes (1-0.5)/0.5 = 1 year of work to save for 1 year of living expenses.
- At a savings rate of 75%, it takes (1-0.75)/0.75 = 0.33 years of work to save for 1 year of living expenses.
From this example, it can be concluded that the time to retirement decreases significantly as savings rate is increased. For this reason, those pursuing FIRE attempt to save 50% or more of their income.[7] At a 75% savings rate, it would take less than 10 years of work to accumulate the 25 years of living expenses suggested by 'the 4% safe withdrawal' rule.
History
[編集]The main ideas behind the FIRE movement originate in the 1992 best-selling book Your Money or Your Life written by Vicki Robin and Joe Dominguez,[8][9] as well as the 2010 book Early Retirement Extreme by Jacob Lund Fisker.[10] These works provide the basic template of combining simple living with income from investments to achieve financial independence. In particular, the latter book published the relationship between savings rate and time to retirement which allowed individuals to quickly project their retirement date given an assumed level of income and expenses.
Started in 2011, the Mr. Money Mustache blog is an influential voice that generated interest in the idea of achieving early retirement through frugality and helped popularize the movement.[11][12] Other blogs and podcasts continue to refine and promote the FIRE concept, which is intensely discussed in online discussion forums. In 2018, the FIRE movement received significant coverage by traditional mainstream media outlets.[7][8][9][11] According to a survey conducted by The Harris Poll later that year, 11% of wealthier Americans aged 45 and older have heard of the FIRE movement by name while another 26% are aware of the concept.[13]
Criticism
[編集]Some critics allege that the FIRE movement "is only for the rich"[14], pointing to the difficulties of achieving the high savings rates needed for FIRE on a low income.[11] Another common criticism is the FIRE movement's early retirees have not adequately saved for retirement. Because the retirement phase of FIRE could potentially last 70 years, critics say that it is inappropriate to apply the 4% rule, which was developed for a traditional retirement timeframe of 30 years; this criticism is based on the lack of empirical evidence supporting the 4% rule over a much larger time horizon.[7]
See also
[編集]References
[編集]- ^ Brenoff, Ann (2018年4月24日). “7 Things You Can Learn From The FIRE Movement” (英語). Huffington Post 2018年7月7日閲覧。
- ^ Wong, Kristin. “The Basics of FIRE (Financial Independence and Early Retirement)” (英語). Two Cents 2018年7月7日閲覧。
- ^ “Young People Say Screw It, Retire in Their 30s” (英語). Free. (2018年6月5日) 2018年7月7日閲覧。
- ^ Avenue, Next. “What 30-Year-Old Retirees Can Teach The Rest Of Us” (英語). Forbes 2018年10月22日閲覧。
- ^ “A Growing Cult of Millennials Is Obsessed With Early Retirement. This 72-Year-Old Is Their Unlikely Inspiration” (英語). Money. 2018年10月22日閲覧。
- ^ “When should I start saving for retirement?”. Money. 2018年12月18日閲覧。
- ^ a b c Stokel-Walker, Chris. “FIRE: The movement to live frugally and retire decades early” (英語). www.bbc.com. 2018年12月18日閲覧。
- ^ a b Tergesen, Anne; Dagher, Veronica (2018年11月3日). “The New Retirement Plan: Save Almost Everything, Spend Virtually Nothing” (英語). Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660 2019年1月28日閲覧。
- ^ a b Kurutz, Steven (2018年9月1日). “How to Retire in Your 30s With $1 Million in the Bank” (英語). The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 2019年1月28日閲覧。
- ^ Bejder, Eva (15 December 2018). Stå af hamsterhjulet - med penge nok til resten af livet [Get off the hamster wheel - with enough money for the rest of your life] (Television production) (Danish). Denmark: DR2. 該当時間: 6:16. 2019年1月29日閲覧。
- ^ a b c Moss, Stephen (2018年11月20日). “Can anyone retire in their 30s? Meet the people who say yes” (英語). The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 2018年12月18日閲覧。
- ^ Pennington, Sylvia (2018年2月23日). “FIRE followers Down Under seek early retirement” (英語). The Sydney Morning Herald. 2019年1月29日閲覧。
- ^ The Harris Poll (27 November 2018). The FIRE Movement Survey (PDF) (英語). TD Ameritrade. 2019年1月29日閲覧。
- ^ Howard, Miles. “Being frugal is for the rich” (英語). The Outline. 2018年12月18日閲覧。