利用者:Sinhako/ハンガリー共和国 (1919-1920)
 | この記事の正確性に疑問が呈されています。 |
| ハンガリー共和国 | ||||||
| Magyar Köztársaság | ||||||
| Unrecognised rump state until 25 November 1919[1] | ||||||
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| 国歌 賛称 Hymn | ||||||
| 首都 | ブダペスト | |||||
| 言語 | ハンガリー語 | |||||
| 宗教 | ローマ・カトリック · カルバン派 · ルター派 · 東方正教会 · 東方典礼カトリック教会 · ユニテリアン派 · ユダヤ教 | |||||
| 政府 | 共和国 | |||||
| 摂政 | ||||||
| • | 1919年 | ヨーゼフ・アウグスト | ||||
| 共和国大統領 | ||||||
| • | 1919 | フリードリッヒ・イシュトヴァーンa | ||||
| • | 1919–1920 | フサール・カーロイa | ||||
| 共和国首相 | ||||||
| • | 1919 | フリードリッヒ・イシュトヴァーン | ||||
| • | 1919–1920 | フサール・カーロイ | ||||
| 議会 | 国民議会 | |||||
| 歴史・時代 | 戦間期 | |||||
| • | 創立 | 1919年8月8日 | ||||
| • | 国家承認 | 1919年11月25日 | ||||
| • | 議会選挙 | 1920年1月25日-26日 | ||||
| • | ハンガリー王国 | 1920年2月29日[2] | ||||
| 面積 | ||||||
| • | 1920[3] | 92,833 km² (35,843 sq mi) | ||||
| 人口 | ||||||
| • | 1920[3]年推定 | 7,980,143人 | ||||
| 密度 | 86人/km² (222.6人/sq mi) | |||||
| 通貨 | ハンガリー・コロナ | |||||
| 現在 |  オーストリア ハンガリー スロバキア スロベニア
| |||||
| a. | as acting Head of State | |||||
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ハンガリー共和国[4][5] (ハンガリー語: Magyar Köztársaság) was a short-lived republic that existed between August 1919 and February 1920 in the central and western portions of the former Hungarian Kingdom (encompassing most of present-day Hungary and parts of Austria, Slovakia and Slovenia). The state was established in the aftermath of the Hungarian Revolutions of 1918–1919 by counter-revolutionary forces who sought to return to the status quo prior to 31 October 1918.[6][7][8]
History
[編集]On 6 August 1919 István Friedrich, leader of the White House Comrades Association (a right-wing, counter-revolutionary group), ousted the government of Gyula Peidl[9] and seized power in a bloodless coup with the backing of the Royal Romanian Army.[10] The coup d'état was met with widespread approval within Hungary.[11] The next day, Joseph August declared himself regent of Hungary (he held the position until 23 August, when he was forced to resign)[12] and appointed Friedrich as Prime Minister. He was succeeded by Károly Huszár on 24 November, who served as prime minister and interim president until the restoration of the monarchy a few months later.
A militantly anti-communist authoritarian government composed of military officers entered Budapest in November on the heels of the Romanians. A "White Terror" ensued that led to the imprisonment, torture, and execution without trial of communists, socialists, Jews, leftist intellectuals, sympathizers with the Károlyi and Kun regimes, and others who threatened the traditional Hungarian political order that the officers sought to re-establish. Estimates placed the number of executions at approximately 5,000. In addition, about 75,000 people were jailed.[9] In particular, the Hungarian right-wing and the Romanian forces targeted Jews for retribution. Ultimately, the White Terror forced nearly 100,000 people to leave the country, most of them socialists, intellectuals, and middle-class Jews.
In 1920 and 1921, internal chaos racked Hungary. The White Terror continued to plague Jews and leftists, unemployment and inflation soared, and penniless Hungarian refugees poured across the border from neighboring countries and burdened the floundering economy. The government offered the population little succour. In January 1920, Hungarian men and women cast the first secret ballots in the country's political history and elected a large counter-revolutionary and agrarian majority to the unicameral parliament. Two main political parties emerged: the socially conservative Christian National Union Party and the National Smallholders and Agricultural Labourers Party, which advocated land reform. On 29 February 1920,[2] the parliament restored the Hungarian monarchy, ending the republic, and in March, annulled both the Pragmatic Sanction of 1723 and the Compromise of 1867. The parliament postponed electing a king until civil disorder had subsided and former Austro-Hungarian admiral Miklós Horthy became regent, a position he would hold until 1944.
See also
[編集]- Hungarian Democratic Republic
- Hungarian Soviet Republic
- History of Hungary
- Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)
Notes
[編集]- ^ Romsics, Ignác (2004) (Hungarian). Magyarország története a XX. században. Budapest: Osiris Kiadó. p. 136. ISBN 963-389-590-1
- ^ a b Dr. Térfy, Gyula, ed (1921). “1920. évi I. törvénycikk az alkotmányosság helyreállításáról és az állami főhatalom gyakorlásának ideiglenes rendezéséről.” (Hungarian). Magyar törvénytár (Corpus Juris Hungarici): 1920. évi törvénycikkek. Budapest: Révai Testvérek Irodalmi Intézet Részvénytársaság. p. 3
- ^ Kollega Tarsoly, István, ed. (1995). "Magyarország". Révai nagy lexikona (Hungarian). Vol. Volume 20. Budapest: Hasonmás Kiadó. pp. 595–597. ISBN 963-8318-70-8。
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|volume=にvol.など余分の文字が入力されています。 (説明) - ^ “Minisztertanácsi jegyzőkönyvek: 1919. augusztus 8.” (Hungarian). DigitArchiv. p. 10. 5 February 2012閲覧。
- ^ “Minisztertanácsi jegyzőkönyvek: 1919. augusztus 16.” (Hungarian). DigitArchiv. p. 12. 5 February 2012閲覧。
- ^ Romsics, Ignác (2004) (Hungarian). Magyarország története a XX. században. Budapest: Osiris Kiadó. p. 133. ISBN 963-389-590-1
- ^ S. Balogh, Eva (Spring 1977). “Power Struggle in Hungary: Analysis in Post-war Domestic Politics August-November 1919” (PDF). Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies 4 (1): 7.
- ^ Bekény, István, ed. (1996). "A Horthy-korszak". Magyarország a XX. században: Politika és társadalom, hadtörténet, jogalkotás (Hungarian). Vol. Volume 1. Szekszárd: Babits Kiadó. p. 49. ISBN 963-9015-08-3。
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|volume=にvol.など余分の文字が入力されています。 (説明) - ^ a b “Hungary Between The Wars”. A History of Modern Hungary: 1867-1994. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ Pölöskei, Ferenc; Gergely, Jenő; Izsák, Lajos (1995) (Hungarian). Magyarország története 1918–1990. Budapest: Korona Kiadó. pp. 32–33. ISBN 963-8153-55-5
- ^ S. Balogh, Eva (Spring 1977). “Power Struggle in Hungary: Analysis in Post-war Domestic Politics August-November 1919” (PDF). Canadian-American Review of Hungarian Studies 4 (1): 6.
- ^ “Die amtliche Meldung über den Rücktritt” (German). Neue Freie Presse, Morgenblatt. p. 2 (1919年8月24日). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
External links
[編集]
この記事にはパブリックドメインである、米国議会図書館各国研究が作成した次の文書本文を含む。Stephen R. Burant. Hungary: Counterrevolution. Library of Congress Country Studies.- この記事にはパブリックドメインである、米国議会図書館各国研究が作成した次の文書本文を含む。Stephen R. Burant. Hungary: Trianon Hungary. Library of Congress Country Studies.
