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利用者:Sigeeda/sandbox

CACパイプライン
Location of Central Asia–Center gas pipeline system
位置
Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Russia
方向 south–north-east
起点 Dauletabad gas field and Okarem, Turkmenistan
経由地 Shatlyk gas field, Khiva, Kungrad, Cheleken, Beyneau
終点 Alexandrov Gay, Russia
並走 Amu Darya
一般情報
輸送 天然ガス
出資者 Gazprom
Türkmengaz
Uzbekneftegas
KazMunayGas
完成 1969
技術的情報
全長 2,000 km (1,200 mi)
最大流量 90 billion cubic meters

ガスプロム 管理下にある、CACパイプライン(The Central Asia – Center gas pipeline system)は、トルクメニスタンからウズベキスタンカザフスタンを経由してロシアに天然ガスを運ぶパイプラインです。東部支線のCAC-1、CAC-2、CAC-4、CAC-5のパイプラインはトルクメニスタン東南部の天然ガス地帯が基点です。西部支線のCAC-3パイプラインと、それと平行するカスピ海パイプライン(建設計画中)は、トルクメニスタンのカスピ海沿岸部から北に向かっています。[1] 東西の支線はカザフスタン西部で合流して北に向かい、ロシアの天然ガスパイプラインに繋がります。[2]

歴史

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パイプライン網は1960年から1988年にかけて建設されました。Dzharkakガス田の発見後、パイプラインの最初の部分は、1960年に完成しました。[3] CAC-1とCAC-2は、1969年就役、CAC-4は1973年。[4] 1976年、2本の平行するラインが、Shatlyk 圧縮機基地とウズベキスタンヒヴァの間に設置されました。 CAC-5は、1985年に就役し、1986-88年にDauletabadとヒヴァをが接続されました。[5] 西部支線(CAC-3)は、1972-1975に建設されました。[4]

In 2003, the late President of Turkmenistan Saparmurat Niyazov proposed to renovate existing systems and construct a new parallel pipeline to the western branch.[6][7] On 12 May 2007, Vladimir Putin of Russia, Nursultan Nazarbayev of Kazakhstan and Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow of Turkmenistan signed a memorandum for renovation and expansion of the western branch of the pipeline.[8][9] On 20 December 2007, Russia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan finalized agreement on construction of the Caspian Coastal Pipeline parallel to the existing CAC-3 pipeline (known as Bekdash–Europe pipeline or Okarem–Beineu pipeline).

Technical features

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Almost all Uzbek and Turkmen natural gas is delivered through the CAC pipeline system, mainly through the eastern branch due to location of production sites and poor technical condition of the western branch. CAC-1, 2, 4 and 5 pipelines are supplied from gas fields in the South-East of Turkmenistan, mainly from the Dauletabad gas field.[3] The eastern branch starts from the Dauletabad field and continues through the Shatlyk gas field east of Tejen to Khiva, Uzbekistan. From there the pipeline system transports gas north-west along Amu Darya to the Kungrad compressor station in Uzbekistan. From Kungrad, most of the gas is carried via Kazakhstan to the Alexandrov Gay gas metering station in Russia.[5] At Alexandrov Gay CAC pipelines meet with Soyuz and Orenburg–Novopskov pipelines. From there two lines run northwest to Moscow, and two others proceed across the Volga river to the North Caucasus-Moscow transmission system.[3] The diameter of most pipelines varies from 1,020 - 1,420ミリメートル (40 - 56 in). Current capacity of the system is 44 billion cubic meters (bcm) per year. An agreement is in place to increase capacity to 55 bcm per year by 2010 and through modernization there is potential to increase capacity to 90 bcm per year.

The western branch originates at Okarem near the Turkmenistan–Iran border and runs north. It is supplied by gas from fields scattered along the Caspian coast between Okarem and Balkanabat. It continues via Uzen in Kazakhstan to the Beyneu compressor station, where it meets the eastern branch of the CAC. South of Hazar, the western system consists of 710ミリメートル (30 in) diameter pipeline, and between Hazar and Beyneau 1,220ミリメートル (50 in) diameter pipeline.[5]

Caspian coastal pipeline

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On 20 December 2007, Russia, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan agreed to construct a new Caspian pipeline parallel to the existing CAC-3 pipeline. The pipeline is planned be built between Belek compressor station in Turkmenistan and Alexandrov Gay compressor station.[10] Capacity of the new pipeline will be 20–30 bcm per year and it would be supplied from the planned East–West pipeline.[11][12] Construction of the pipeline was to start in the second half of 2009.[13] However, the project was mothballed.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Michael Fredholm (September 2005) (PDF). The Russian Energy Strategy & Energy Policy: Pipeline Diplomacy or Mutual Dependence?. Conflict Studies Research Centre. http://www.defac.ac.uk/colleges/csrc/document-listings/russian/05(41)-MF.pdf 2007年12月21日閲覧。. 
  2. ^ Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff (November 2008) (PDF). Kazakhstan's Gas: Export Markets and Export Routes. Oxford Institute for Energy Studies. http://www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/NG25-KazakhstansgasExportMarketsandExportRoutes-ShamilYenikeyeff-2008.pdf 2008年11月12日閲覧。. 
  3. ^ a b c Martha Brill Olcott (May 2004) (PDF). International Gas Trade in Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Iran, Russia and Afghanistan. Working Paper #28. Stanford Institute for International Studies. http://www.rice.edu/energy/publications/docs/GAS_InternationalGasTradeinCentralAsia.pdf 2007年12月20日閲覧。. 
  4. ^ a b (PDF) Privatization of the Power and Natural Gas Industries in Hungary and Kazakhstan. World Bank. (December 1999). WTP451. http://www-wds.worldbank.org/servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2000/01/25/000094946_00011205340794/Rendered/PDF/multi_page.pdf 2007年12月21日閲覧。. 
  5. ^ a b c (PDF) Caspian Oil and Gas. International Energy Agency. (1998). ISBN 92-64-16095-7. http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/1990/caspian_oil_gas98.pdf 2007年12月21日閲覧。 
  6. ^ “Kazakhstan, Russia and Turkmenistan agree to renovate the Caspian gas pipeline”. Kazinform. (14 May 2007). http://en.government.kz/site/news/052007/16 2007年12月21日閲覧。 
  7. ^ Robert M. Cutler (4 August 2009). “Moscow and Ashgabat fail to agree over the Caspian Coastal Pipeline”. Central Asia-Caucasus Institute. http://cacianalyst.org/?q=node/5080 2007年12月21日閲覧。 
  8. ^ “Putin deal torpedoes Trans-Caspian gas pipeline plans”. New Europe (Belgium). (17 May 2007). オリジナルの27 September 2007時点におけるアーカイブ。. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927225724/http://www.neurope.eu/view_news.php?id=73862 2007年5月19日閲覧。 
  9. ^ “Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan agree landmark gas pipeline deal”. Forbes. (13 May 2007). オリジナルの2008年2月20日時点におけるアーカイブ。. http://web.archive.org/web/20080220050555/http://www.forbes.com/business/feeds/afx/2007/05/13/afx3715292.html 2007年5月19日閲覧。  [リンク切れ]
  10. ^ Daly, John C. K. (14 December 2007). “Turkmenistan, Natural Gas, and the West”. Eurasia Daily Monitor (Jamestown Foundation). http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=33246 2010年10月28日閲覧。 
  11. ^ Isabel Gorst (20 December 2007). “Russia seals Central Asian gas pipeline deal”. Financial Times. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/674201a6-aefe-11dc-880f-0000779fd2ac.html 2007年12月20日閲覧。 
  12. ^ “Turkmenistan-Russia Breakthrough: Resuming Gas Supplies, Building Pipelines”. News Central Asia. (23 December 2009). http://www.newscentralasia.net/moreNews.php?nID=508 2010年5月29日閲覧。 
  13. ^ “Putin Okays Caspian Gas Pipe Accord for Ratification”. Downstream Today. (11 November 2008). http://www.downstreamtoday.com/News/Articles/200811/Putin_Okays_Caspian_Gas_Pipe_Accord_for__13734.aspx 2008年11月22日閲覧。 
  14. ^ “Russia, Turkmenistan extend Caspian gas link freeze-paper”. Reuters. (23 October 2010). http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKLDE69M02I20101023 2010年10月28日閲覧。 

Further reading

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