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| 作者 | Web3 Foundation |
|---|---|
| 開発元 | Parity Technologies LTD. |
| 公式サイト | https://polkadot.network |
Polkadot is a proposed heterogeneous multi-chain interchange and translation architecture which enables customised side-chains to connect with public blockchains. With Polkadot, various blockchains are able to send and receive messages between each other in a secure and trust-free manner.[1]
The protocol was created by the Ethereum co-founder Gavin Wood,[2] and raised $144.3 million in its Initial Coin Offering in October 2017.[3]
Polkadot is a project stewarded by the Web3 Foundation, a Swiss foundation with the mission of nurturing and stewarding technologies and applications in the fields of decentralized web software protocols, particularly those which utilize modern cryptographic methods to safeguard decentralization, to the benefit and for the stability of the Web3 ecosystem[4].
Protocol
[編集]General description
[編集]The Polkadot protocol is intended to be a scalable heterogeneous multi-chain technology. Unlike previous blockchain implementations that have focused on providing a single chain of varying degrees of generality over potential applications, Polkadot will provide the bedrock relay-chain upon which a large number of validatable, globally-coherent dynamic data-structures may be hosted.
Polkadot may be considered equivalent to a set of independent chains (e.g. the set containing Ethereum, Ethereum Classic, Namecoin and Bitcoin) except for two very important points: pooled security and trust-free interchain transactability.
Polkadot is considered to be “scalable” in its design. In principle, a problem to be deployed on Polkadot may be substantially parallelised - scaled out - over a large number of parachains. Since all aspects of each parachain may be conducted in parallel by a different segment of the network, the system has some ability to scale.
Polkadot is intended to provide a bare-bones piece of infrastructure leaving much of the complexity to be addressed at the middleware level. [5]
Polkadot is built to connect private/consortium chains, public/permissionless networks, oracles and future technological developments yet to be created in the Web3 ecosystem. It enables an internet where independent blockchains can exchange information and trust-free transactions via the Polkadot relay chain, with the key tenets of scalability, governance and interoperability[6].
At a high level, Polkadot attempts to solve the following problems[7]:
- Interoperability: Polkadot is designed to enable applications and smart contracts on one blockchain to seamlessly transact with data and assets on other chains[7].
- Scalability: Polkadot gives the ability to run several parachains*, each processing multiple transactions in parallel, which allows networks to obtain infinite scalability[7].
- Shared Security: With Polkadot, security is pooled within the network, which means that individual chains can leverage collective security without having to start from scratch to gain traction and trust[7].
History
[編集]Dr. Gavin James Wood
[編集]
Gavin Wood is the co-founder and current director of Parity Technologies[8]. Previously, he was the Chief Technology Officer and is co-founder of the Ethereum Project, co-designer of the Ethereum Protocol, author of its formal specification, and created and wrote the first functional Ethereum implementation. He stewarded the Solidity language, was the project chief of the IDE, and designed and implemented the Whisper protocol. Gavin holds a PhD in Computer Science from the University of York[9].
Dr. Wood released the Polkadot white paper[10] on November 14th, 2016. The protocol was later decided to be stewarded by the Web3 Foundation, founded on June 2017.
Initial Coin Offering (ICO)
[編集]Polkadot launched its token sale on October 15th, 2017. The token sale format was a Second Price Dutch Auction. The ICO closed on October 27th, 2017 raising a total of 485,331 ETH (Ether, the currency of the Ethereum blockchain)[1].
Token (DOT)
[編集]Functions
[編集]The DOT token serves 3 distinct purposes: governance over the network, operation, and bonding[11].
Polkadot token holders have complete control over the protocol. All privilages, which on other platforms are exclusive to miners, will be given to the relay chain participants (DOT holders), including managing exceptional events such as protocol upgrades and fixes[12].
Game theory incentivizes token holders to behave in honest ways. Good actors are rewarded by this mechanism whilst bad actors will lose their stake in the network. This ensures the network stays secure[13].
New parachains are added by bonding tokens. Outdated or non-useful parachains are removed by removing bonded tokens. This is a form of Proof of Stake[14].
The DOT is a native token, and DOTs will be released upon the launch of the Polkadot genesis block [15].
Development
[編集]Web3 Foundation has commissioned Parity Technologies for the build of the Polkadot Protocol. The work is underway [16].
The Genesis block launch of Polkadot is anticipated to happen in Q3 2019[17]. Several high profile blockchain protocols have already expressed interest to build a Polkadot Parachain, such as Melonport[18].
References
[編集]- ^ Pokadot Paper by Gavin Wood
- ^ “The Hottest ICOs Are the Ones That Have Done the Least Amount of Work”. Bloomberg Technology. 19 December 2017閲覧。
- ^ “Weekly Cryptocurrency and ICO Market Analysis [October 23-29, 2017]”. coinspeaker.com. 19 December 2017閲覧。
- ^ Team, Web3 Foundation (2017年12月8日). “Hello World”. Web3 Foundation. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ a b c d “Polkadot Lightpaper”. Polkadot Network.
- ^ “Parity Technologies”. paritytech.io. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Web3 Foundation | Nurtures and stewards technologies and applications in the fields of decentralized web software protocols” (英語). web3.foundation. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ polkadot-white-paper: The technical vision paper for Polkadot, a heterogeneous extensible multi-chain, Web 3 Foundation, (2017-11-17) 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ Technologies, Parity (2017年11月28日). “Parity’s Polkadot Dev Update #1”. Polkadot Network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Polkadot” (英語). polkadot.network. 2017年12月19日閲覧。
- ^ “Melonport Launches Polkadot Based Melon Cryptoasset Management Software - NEWSBTC” (英語). NEWSBTC. (2016年11月15日) 2017年12月19日閲覧。