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Jessica Meir
Jessica Meir in September 2018
NASA Astronaut
国籍 American & Swedish
現況 Active
生誕 (1977-07-01) 1977年7月1日（47歳）
Caribou, Maine, U.S.
他の職業 astronaut, physiologist
出身校 Scripps Institution of Oceanography
International Space University
Brown University
宇宙滞在期間 Currently in space
選抜試験 2013 NASA Group
ミッション Soyuz MS-15 (Expedition 61/62)
記章

Jessica Ulrika Meir (IPA: [mɪər]m-eer; born July 1, 1977)ジェシカ・メイヤーはスウェーデン・アメリカ・イスラエル人のNASA宇宙飛行士。メイヤーは、ハーバード・メディカル・スクール、ボストンのマサチューセッツ総合病院で助教授を行った後、ブリティシュコロンビア大学で比較生理学の博学研究を行い、南極大陸で皇帝ペンギンの潜水生理学・行動学、ヒマラヤに生息するインドガン（カモ目カモ科）の生物学を研究した。

2002年9月、メイヤーはNASA極限環境ミッションの潜水技術士として任命され、2013にはNASAの宇宙飛行士グループ21に指名された。メイヤーは、国際宇宙ステーションへの遠征のため2019年9月25日に航空エンジニアとして打ち上げらたロケットに搭乗した。


is a Swedish-American-Israeli NASA astronaut. She was previously Assistant Professor of Anesthesia at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, following postdoctoral research in comparative physiology at the University of British Columbia.[1][2] She has studied the diving physiology and behavior of emperor penguins in Antarctica,[3] and the physiology of bar-headed geese, which are able to migrate over the Himalayas.[4] In September 2002, Meir served as an aquanaut on the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations 4 (NEEMO 4) crew.[5] In 2013 she was selected by NASA to Astronaut Group 21. Meir launched on September 25, 2019 to the ISS onboard , where she will serve as a flight Engineer during Expedition 61 and 62.[6]

Early life and career

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Jessica Meir was born in Caribou, Maine on July 1, 1977, to a Swedish mother who was a nurse and an Israeli father of Iraqi Jewish birth, who worked as a physician.

While growing up in a Jewish tradition in rural Maine, she was inspired to venture into space after watching the Space Shuttle missions on television. Meir knew no one who worked for NASA or for the space program. She attributes her abiding dream of personally participating in space exploration to the love of nature she learned from her mother, and from her father’s predilection for wandering and adventure. “And it might have had something to do with the fact that the stars shone so brightly in rural Maine,” Meir added.[7]

Meir attended a youth space camp at Purdue University[8] and ran a student experiment in the NASA reduced gravity aircraft “vomit comet” during her undergraduate biology studies at Brown University. In 2000, Meir graduated with a Master of Space Studies from the International Space University in Strasbourg, France.[7]

Comparative physiology research

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Meir earned a Ph.D. in marine biology in 2009 from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography for research on the diving physiology of emperor penguins and northern elephant seals.[9][10] Meir performed field work at Penguin Ranch on McMurdo Sound in Antarctica to study the diving abilities of the emperor penguin while scuba diving alongside them under the ice.[11][10] She also studied elephant seals while they were diving in the Pacific Ocean off Northern California.[10]

Meir did post-doctoral research at the University of British Columbia, raising bar-headed geese so their tolerance of high altitude and low oxygen levels during flight over the Himalayas could be studied in a controlled environment.[4][10] For the 2012 academic year she continued her research as an assistant professor of anesthesia at the Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital and then took a leave of absence to enter the astronaut corps.[12]

NASA career

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After getting her master's degree, Meir worked from 2000-2003 for Lockheed Martin Space Operations as an experiment support scientist for the Human Research Facility at the NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston, Texas.[13][14] Meir coordinated and supported human space life science experiments that were performed by astronauts on space shuttle and International Space Station (ISS) missions. These experiments included physiological studies (bone loss, muscle control/atrophy, lung function, etc.) to determine if any bodily processes were altered in the spaceflight environment. Meir guided these experiments through the necessary review cycles, developed procedures that the astronauts would use on-orbit, trained crew members, and provided ground support in the Mission Control Center while the astronauts were performing the experiments on the shuttle or ISS.[15]

She also participated in research flights on NASA’s reduced gravity aircraft, and served as an aquanaut crew member in the Aquarius underwater habitat for the 4th NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations (NEEMO) mission, before completing her doctorate in marine biology (diving physiology) from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (University of California San Diego).

Meir during the NEEMO 4 mission in September 2002

In September 2002, Meir served as an aquanaut on the joint NASA-NOAA NEEMO 4 expedition (NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations), an exploration research mission held in Aquarius, an undersea research laboratory four miles off shore from Key Largo. Meir and her crewmates spent five days saturation diving from the Aquarius habitat as a space analogue for working and training under extreme environmental conditions. The mission was delayed due to Hurricane Isadore, forcing National Undersea Research Center managers to shorten it to an underwater duration of five days. Then, three days into their underwater mission, the crew members were told that Tropical Storm Lili was headed in their direction and to prepare for an early departure from Aquarius. Fortunately, Lili degenerated to the point where it was no longer a threat, so the crew was able to remain the full five days.[5][16]

At the time of NEEMO 4, Meir was leaning toward pursuing a PhD in a field related to evolutionary biology and/or life in extreme environments (astrobiology). She was also fascinated by marine biology (which suited the NEEMO mission well), and hoped to coordinate a specific topic of study to combine these main interests.[15] She received her PhD in marine biology from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, studying diving physiology, in 2009.[17]

In 2009, Meir was a semi-finalist for selection to NASA Astronaut Group 20.[18] For the next selection group in June 2013, Meir was chosen as one of eight astronaut candidates for training in NASA Astronaut Group 21.[2] She completed training in July 2015.[19]

Meir is a member of the science advisory board of Adventurers and Scientists for Conservation.[20]

Expedition 61/62

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Meir prepares to be submerged in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory for spacewalk training

Meir launched to the International Space Station on board Soyuz MS-15 on September 25, 2019, as a flight engineer for Expeditions 61 and 62. She is due to return to Earth in the spring of 2020.[21] Due to holding dual American and Swedish citizenship, she is the first Swedish woman in space, and the second Swedish national in space overall.[22]

Personal life

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Meir played flute, piccolo, and saxophone as a youth, and enjoys reading classical literature. She spent a semester studying at Stockholm University in Sweden during her undergraduate years.[15] She speaks Swedish, and Russian (required for astronaut training). Meir enjoys recreational cycling, hiking, running, skiing, soccer and scuba diving, and holds a private pilot's license.[13] She resides in Houston, Texas.[要出典]

Awards

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Meir has received numerous awards including:

  • Philanthropic Educational Organization (PEO);
  • Scholar Award (2008); Achievement Rewards for College Scientists (ARCS);
  • Fellowship (2006);
  • Lockheed Martin Space Operations (LMSO);
  • Special Recognition Award (2002);
  • NASA JSC Space and Life Sciences Directorate Special Professional Achievement Award (2002);
  • Lockheed Martin Technology Services "Lightning Award" (2002).[23]

References

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パブリックドメイン この記事にはパブリックドメインである、アメリカ合衆国連邦政府のウェブサイトもしくは文書本文を含む。

  1. ^ “Point: Counterpoint "High Altitude is / is not for the Birds!"”. American Physiological Society (July 1, 2011). November 21, 2011閲覧。
  2. ^ a b National Aeronautics and Space Administration. “2013 Astronaut Class”. NASA. June 21, 2013時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。June 19, 2013閲覧。
  3. ^ Knight, Kathryn (May 12, 2011). “Penguins continue diving long after muscles run out of oxygen”. ScienceDaily LLC. November 17, 2011閲覧。
  4. ^ a b Arnold, Carrie (April 15, 2011). “Sky's No Limit in High-Flying Goose Chase”. U.S. News & World Report. December 10, 2012閲覧。
  5. ^ a b NASA (April 21, 2011). “Life Sciences Data Archive : Experiment”. NASA. March 22, 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。November 16, 2011閲覧。
  6. ^ “Astronaut from Maine prepares for takeoff”. Press Herald. September 24, 2019閲覧。
  7. ^ a b Renee Ghert-Zand, (June 1, 2018), No Risk, No Reward Says Fearless Jewish Astronaut Jessica Meir The Times of Israel, Retrieved August 24, 2019
  8. ^ “Astronaut from Aroostook County will soon go on her 1st spaceflight” (英語). Bangor Daily News. 2019年5月9日閲覧。
  9. ^ Williams, CL; Meir, JU; Ponganis, PJ (June 1, 2011). “What triggers the aerobic dive limit? Patterns of muscle oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins”. The Journal of Experimental Biology 214 (11): 1802–1812. doi:10.1242/jeb.052233. PMC 3092726. PMID 21562166. http://jeb.biologists.org/content/214/11/1802.abstract. 
  10. ^ a b c d Kwok, Roberta (April 24, 2011). “Secrets of the world's extreme divers”. Science News for Students. August 24, 2019閲覧。
  11. ^ Paul Ponganis, A Season at the Penguin Ranch in Antarctica, National Science Foundation, May 19, 2008, Retrieved August 24, 2019
  12. ^ Alvin Powell, Destination Space, The Harvard Gazette, September 6, 2013, Retrieved August 24, 2019
  13. ^ a b NASA Astronaut Bio as of March 2016, Retrieved August 24, 2019
  14. ^ Price, Mary Lynn. “Women Working in Antarctica”. Mary Lynn Price. November 19, 2011閲覧。
  15. ^ a b c Meir, Jessica. “:: NASA Quest > Space :: Meet Jessica Meir”. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. May 4, 2003時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。November 19, 2011閲覧。
  16. ^ NASA (March 21, 2006). “NEEMO History”. NASA. October 8, 2006時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。November 16, 2011閲覧。
  17. ^ “NASA Candidate Biography” (December 2013). 18 February 2014閲覧。
  18. ^ “Biographies of Astronaut and Cosmonaut Candidates: Jessica Meir”. Spacefacts (March 27, 2010). February 27, 2014時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。November 20, 2011閲覧。
  19. ^ “NASA's Newest Astronauts Complete Training”. NASA (9 July 2015). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  20. ^ D'Aliesio, Renata (May 26, 2011). “Extreme trekkers, citizen scientists”. The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/technology/science/extreme-trekkers-citizen-scientists/article2036774/ December 10, 2012閲覧。 
  21. ^ “NASA Announces First Flight, Record-Setting Mission”. NASA (16 April 2019). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  22. ^ Näslund, Anne-Sofie (2018年5月11日). “Jessica blir första svenska kvinnan i rymden: "Trodde det var kört"”. Expressen. https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/qs/jessica-40-blir-forsta-svenska-kvinnan-i-rymden-jag-trodde-det-var-kort/ 6 September 2019閲覧。 
  23. ^ Roberts, Jason (2015年2月11日). “Johnson Space Center Home”. 2016年7月1日閲覧。
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