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利用者:Eugene Ormandy/sandbox80 トロント公共図書館

Toronto Public Library
国Canada
創設1884
所在地Toronto, Ontario
分館100[1]
収蔵情報
収蔵数10.6 million (2015)[2]
利用情報
貸し出し部数32,505,963 (2015)[3]
貸し出し人数2.79M (2015)[4]
登録者数1.2M[3]
その他
予算額$201,606,802 (2018)[5]
館長Vickery Bowles (City Librarian)
ウェブサイトwww.torontopubliclibrary.ca

Toronto Public Library (TPL) (フランス語: Bibliothèque publique de Toronto) is a public library system in Toronto, Ontario. It is the largest public library system in Canada and in 2008, had averaged a higher circulation per capita than any other public library system internationally, making it the largest neighbourhood-based library system in the world.[6] Within North America, it also had the highest circulation and visitors when compared to other large urban systems.[7] Established as the library of the Mechanics' Institute in 1830, the Toronto Public Library now consists of 100 branch libraries[1] and has over 12 million items in its collection.[7][8][9][10]

トロント公共図書館とは、オンタリオ州トロントが設立・運営する公共図書館の総称および組織名である。2008年にはカナダで最大の公共図書館システムとなり、一人あたりの平均貸出冊数は世界一となった。また、世界最大の図書館システムとなった[6]。北アメリカ内でも、他の大都市と比べて最大の貸出数と来場者数を誇る[7]。1830年に技術者研究所の図書館として設立され、現在は100の支部図書館からなる[1]。また、コレクション数は1200万を超える[7][1][9][10]。

歴史

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The first subscription library service to open in the city was on 9 December 1810, at Elmsley House.[11] During the Burning of York in April 1813, several American officers under Commodore Issac Chauncey's command looted books from the library. Discovering his officers were in possession of the stolen books after they returned to Sackets Harbor, Chauncey ordered the looted books returned to York. The stolen books were returned in two crates, although by the time they arrived, the library had already closed. The books were auctioned off in 1822.[11]

トロントで最初の私立図書館は、1810年12月9日にエルムズリー・ハウスで開始した[11]。1813年4月、ヨークの戦いにおけるヨークの焼き討ちが起こった際には、アイザック・チョウンシー准将の指揮下にあったアメリカ兵たちが図書館から本を盗んだが、ニューヨークのサケッツ・ハーバーに戻り、部下たちによる盗難に気づいたチョウンシーは、ヨークに本を戻すよう命じた。2つのコンテナにより本が戻されたが、届いた頃には図書館が閉館しており、結局本は1822年にオークションに出された[11]。

The Toronto Mechanics' Institute in 1884. A library was established at the Institute in 1830, whose collection was later absorbed into the Toronto Public Library in 1884.

In 1830, a library was established in the York Mechanics' Institute. In 1882, the provincial legislature passed a free libraries act.[12] In 1884, the Mechanic's Institute's collection became the Toronto Public Library. James Bain was the first chief librarian and he supplemented the collection with $15,000 worth of books purchased on a trip to England in late 1883.[13]

1830年、ヨークの技術者研究所内に図書館が誕生した。1882年には無料図書館案が地方議会を通過し[12]、1884年には技術者研究所内のコレクションがトロント公共図書館となった。初代ライブラリアンを務めたジェームズ・ベインは、1883年の暮れにイングランドへ赴く中、15000ドル相当の蔵書を購入し、コレクションに追加した[13]。


Between 1907 and 1916, ten libraries were built with funds from the Andrew Carnegie Trust.[14] Several of these Carnegie libraries continue to be used by the public library; one, the original Central Reference Library, is now the Koffler Student Centre at the University of Toronto.[15]

1907年から1916年にかけては、アンドリュー・カーネギーの信託により10の図書館が建設された[14]。このようなカーネギー図書館のうちいくつかは、公共図書館として利用された。そのうちの1つである中央参考図書館は、現在トロント大学のコフラー学生センターとなっている[15]。


Henry Cummings Campbell was Chief Librarian of the Toronto Public Library from 1956 to 1978, and the first Chief Librarian to hold a professional library degree. He is credited for having contributed to the expansion of the library and its adaptation to an increasingly dynamic and multicultural city.[16]

1956年から1978年にかけて司書のチーフを務めたヘンリー・カミング・キャンベルは、図書館学の学位を持つ初めての司書チーフであり、図書館の拡大や、より躍動的・多言語化していく街への対応に貢献したとされる[16]。

The Toronto Reference Library was merged with the other library boards of Toronto following Metropolitan Toronto's amalgamation in 1998.

During the amalgamation of Metropolitan Toronto in 1998, the individual library systems of all the Metro municipalities and of Metro itself were merged into the Toronto system:[17][18]

  • East York Public Library, established 1967, 5 branches
  • Etobicoke Public Library, established 1950, 13 branches
  • North York Public Library, established 1955, 19 branches
  • Scarborough Public Library, established 1955, 19 branches
  • York Public Library, established 1967, 6 branches
  • Metropolitan Toronto Public Library, established 1967, 1 branch
  • The old Toronto Public Library, established 1883, 33 branches

This made the Toronto Public Library the largest library system in North America, serving a population of 2.3 million people with 98 branches at the time.

In 2004, a new library was opened in the St. James Town neighbourhood of Toronto, bringing the total number of branches to 99. In 2014, the city’s 100th library was constructed and opened in Scarborough City Centre.[19]

Governance

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The Toronto Public Library is governed by a Board appointed by Toronto City Council. The Board is composed of eight citizen members, four Toronto City Councillors and the Mayor or his designate.[20]

Services

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Collections

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The Lillian H. Smith branch of TPL holds the Merril Collection of Science Fiction, and the Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books.

The library's collection count is over 12 million items.[7][8]

Special collections

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Toronto Public Library's special collections is located in several branches throughout the city. A number of special collections are housed at the Marilyn & Charles Baillie Special Collections Centre in the Toronto Reference Library.[21] Special collections at the reference library includes the Arthur Conan Doyle Collection, and the Baldwin Collection of Canadiana.[22][23]

Special collections located at other branches of the Toronto Public Library Merril Collection of Science Fiction, and the Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books, located at Lillian H. Smith branch.[24][25] The Rita Cox Black and Caribbean Heritage Collection is spread throughout four branches of TPL, Malvern, Maria A. Shchuka, Parkdale, York Woods branch.[26]

Bookmobiles

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Toronto Public Library operates two bookmobiles.

The TPL operates two Bookmobile buses (24' Blue Bird CS), targeting communities who lack easy access to a neighbourhood branch. There are 32 regular Bookmobile stops in Toronto, including one on Ward's Island.[27] The bookmobile concept was previously used in the library systems of the former municipalities of North York and Scarborough as well as in Toronto as far back as 1948.[28]

Musical instruments

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Since April 2016, the Parkdale branch has a collection of musical instruments including guitars, violins, keyboards, percussion instruments, and others that can be borrowed for free with a library card.[29]

Museum + Arts Pass

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The residents of Toronto can borrow museum passes with their library card. Each pass allows maximum 2 adults and 4 kids entering one site. Passes are distributed on a first-come, first-served basis, restocked every Saturday morning upon opening. Passes for popular sites, such as the Toronto Zoo, the ROM (Royal Ontario Museum) and the Ontario Science Centre, are often in very high demand and requires waiting in line.[30]

Technology

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The Toronto Public Library technology services include public access computers and free wireless internet access in all branches. The Library also provides access to e-books, music, movies, and other electronic collections. All libraries also include at least one black-and-white printer where users are charged $0.15 per page. In the Toronto Reference Library, it holds the only public colored printer in the system.The Toronto Public Library website allows users to reserve materials and have them transferred to the user's preferred branch. [31] The library also operates a Dial-a-Story telephone hotline, which reads stories to children in sixteen languages.[32]

The library system uses NFC pads on each book where users only need to place the book on a table and checks out without scanning.

Eight branches of the Toronto Public Library also house Digital Innovation Hubs, where patrons can reserve a workstation or equipment and attend workshops to bring new and emerging technology to the community.[33]

Digital content

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Toronto Public Library cardholders can digitally borrow books, music and movies since 2014 by creating an account on the online platform Hoopla.[34] Also, since 2018, the Toronto Public Library has partnered with Kanopy, a streaming platform with over 30,000 films and documentaries, that lets the library users stream up to eight items per month after registering using their library card.[35][36]

The library's Digital Archive provides instant access to historical images—including photographs from the Toronto Star Photograph Archive—postcards, maps, rare digitized books and more.[37]

The Toronto Public Library offers audiobook, e-book, and eMagazine services, including OverDrive eBooks & eAudiobooks, Zinio eMagazines, OneClick Digital eAudiobooks, Safari Tech & Business Books Online, TumbleBook Library, Ebsco eBooks, delivered via the library's website.[38]

Budget

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The Toronto Public Library had an operating budget of $206,880,105 in 2019.[39]

Branches

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→詳細は「List of Toronto Public Library branches」を参照
Map of public libraries in Toronto in relation to population density (2015)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d Pelley, Lauren (20 May 2015). “Toronto Public Library opens 100th branch in Scarborough”. Toronto Star. https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2015/05/20/toronto-public-library-opens-100th-branch-in-scarborough.html 20 May 2015閲覧。 
  2. ^ “2015 Key Facts”. 1 March 2017閲覧。
  3. ^ a b “2015 Annual Report”. 1 March 2017閲覧。
  4. ^ “Toronto Facts: Diversity”. 1 March 2017閲覧。
  5. ^ “2018 Finance Reports : Library Finance”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  6. ^ a b “The Great Equalizer: Toronto Public Library”. Cities of Migration (April 16, 2013). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  7. ^ a b c d e “2009 Annual Performance Measures and Strategic Plan Update”. Toronto Public Library. 4 June 2010閲覧。
  8. ^ a b Kupferman, Steve (28 May 2014). “Fort York gets the ultimate condo amenity: a flashy new public library”. Toronto Life (Toronto Life Publishing Company). オリジナルの29 May 2014時点におけるアーカイブ。. https://web.archive.org/web/20140529191514/http://www.torontolife.com/informer/toronto-real-estate/2014/05/28/fort-york-gets-a-new-public-library/ 29 May 2014閲覧。. 
  9. ^ a b “Message from the Mayor”. Toronto Public Library Strategic Plan 2000-2008. Toronto Public Library Board. p. 4 (2000年). 7 August 2011閲覧。
  10. ^ a b “History of Toronto Public Library”. Toronto Public Library (2011年). 7 August 2011閲覧。
  11. ^ a b c d “War of 1812: The Battle of York”. Toronto Public Library (2019年). 12 April 2019閲覧。
  12. ^ a b Bruce, Lorne (9 January 1994). Free Books for All: The Public Library Movement in Ontario, 1850-1930. Dundurn. p. 72. ISBN 978-1459721074. https://archive.org/details/freebooksforallp0000bruc 
  13. ^ a b “Topics of the Week”. The Week : A Canadian Journal of Politics, Literature, Science and Arts 1 (2): 17. (13 Dec 1883). https://archive.org/stream/weekcanadianjour01toro#page/n9/mode/1up. 
  14. ^ a b 1948-, Murray, Stuart (2009). The library : an illustrated history. New York, NY: Skyhorse Pub.. ISBN 9781616084530. OCLC 277203534 
  15. ^ a b [1] Archived February 21, 2010, at the Wayback Machine.
  16. ^ a b "In Memoriam Henry Cummings Campbell" by Paula de Ronde, August 24th, 2009, Hart House, University of Toronto.
  17. ^ “City of Toronto Act, 1997, SO 1997, c 2”. CanLII. 2014年3月15日閲覧。
  18. ^ Toronto, City of (4 August 2017). “Staff Directory, Divisions & Customer Service”. 6 June 2011時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  19. ^ “Scarborough Civic Centre Branch : Hours & Locations”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  20. ^ “Toronto Public Appointments Decision Body Profile”. toronto.ca. https://secure.toronto.ca/pa/decisionBody/28.do 2018年1月19日閲覧。 
  21. ^ “Special Collections & Rare Books”. Toronto Public Library (2018年). 17 November 2018閲覧。
  22. ^ “Arthur Conan Doyle Collection”. Toronto Public Library (2018年). 17 November 2018閲覧。
  23. ^ “Baldwin Collection of Canadiana”. Toronto Public Library (2018年). 17 November 2018閲覧。
  24. ^ “Merril Collection of Science Fiction”. Toronto Public Library (2018年). 17 November 2018閲覧。
  25. ^ “Osborne Collection of Early Children's Books”. Toronto Public Library (2018年). 17 November 2018閲覧。
  26. ^ “Rita Cox Black and Caribbean Heritage Collection”. Toronto Public Library (2018年). 17 November 2018閲覧。
  27. ^ “Bookmobiles : Hours & Locations : Toronto Public Library”. Torontopubliclibrary.ca. 2014年3月15日閲覧。
  28. ^ “History of Toronto Public Library : About the Library” (英語). Toronto Public Library. https://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/about-the-library/library-history/ 2018年1月19日閲覧。 
  29. ^ “Borrow a Musical Instrument : Toronto Public Library” (英語). Toronto Public Library. 2016年4月20日閲覧。
  30. ^ “Use Your Toronto Library Card to Visit Museums for Free”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  31. ^ “FAQ : How do I place a hold on the website?”. Torontopubliclibrary.ca. 2014年8月8日閲覧。
  32. ^ "Once Upon a Line". Toronto Star, November 5, 2018, page A1
  33. ^ “Digital Innovation Hubs : Using the Library” (英語). Toronto Public Library. 2019年4月16日閲覧。
  34. ^ Slaughter, Graham (7 April 2014). “Toronto Public Library launches Hoopla, Netflix-like movie and music service”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  35. ^ “Stream free movies, tv shows and docs with Toronto Public Library's new service - Metro Toronto”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  36. ^ “Kanopy”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  37. ^ “Digital Archive” (英語). Toronto Public Library. http://www.torontopubliclibrary.ca/digital-archive/ 2017年12月19日閲覧。 
  38. ^ “Downloads & eBooks : Books, Video, Research & More”. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  39. ^ “2019 Finance Reports : Library Finance”. Toronto Public Library. 2019年12月6日閲覧。

Further reading

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