利用者:Betsylavolette/sandbox

Shifu (紙布), also known as pulp cloth, is cloth made from paper yarns.

Summary

When shifu uses paper yarns as both the warp and weft, it is called (諸紙布). When it uses silk, cotton, or linen yarns as the warp and paper yarns as the weft, it is called 絹紙布・綿紙布・麻紙布. This cloth is different from shifu that uses paper as-is. It is lighter and feels nice on the skin, so it is used in women's summer clothing in particular.

紙糸を縦糸、横糸の両方に使用した物を諸紙布と言い、縦糸に絹・綿・麻糸を使い、横糸に紙糸を使用した物を絹紙布・綿紙布・麻紙布と言う。紙をそのまま使用した紙衣と異なって軽くて肌触りが良く、特に女性の夏の衣料用として使用された。

Shifu was first created during the Edo era. Texts such as Keifukigusa (毛吹草) and Wakan Sansai Zue (和漢三才図会) record that it was first developed in Shiraishi in Mutsu Province (陸奥の白石), which is present day Miyagi Prefecture（宮城県白石市).

紙布は江戸時代になってから生産され、『毛吹草』や『諸国万買物調方記』、『和漢三才図会』には、陸奥の白石（現在の宮城県白石市）で生産されていたと記されている。

Originally, shifu was made from waste from hōsho paper (奉書紙, a high-quality white paper made from mulberry tree pulp). Later, shifu was made from a specialty paper, which was made from long cellulose fibers extracted from paper mulberry tree pulp. The Katakura Clan (片倉家), who occupied Shiroishi Castle (白石城, Shiroishi-jō) in Sendai Domain (仙台藩), encouraged the manufacture of shifu, and many technical improvements were made. During the Middle Edo Period, shifu was presented to the Shogunate as a specialty item and was also given as a gift to the imperial family.

当初は奉書紙の反故紙で紙糸を作っていたが、後にはカジノキの長繊維を丹念に精選してセルロースだけの長い繊維のまま漉いた専用の紙を漉いて用いるようになった。仙台藩の白石城主片倉家は、紙布作りを奨励し、様々な技術改良がなされ、江戸中期には、幕府に特産品として献上されるようになり、京都の公家たちへの進物品にもなった。

Originally, shifu was only plain weave fabric, but high quality weaves like fine crepe, drill, and herringbone were developed later.

織り方は当初は平織りだけであったが、細かい皺のある縮緬織りや、斜文にした雲斉織、杉綾織、竜紋織など高級品も開発された。

This type of shifu won a prize for progress at the 1873 Vienna World's Fair. It also appeared at the Taisho Exposition, but was no longer produced soon after.

この紙布は、ウィーン万博に出品されて進歩賞を受賞したほか、大正博覧会にも出品されたが、やがて作られなくなった。

During the Meiji Period, a type of shifu was produced that was different from the Shiroishi shifu. This shifu was made from ganpi fiber (雁皮) and was used as wallpaper. At the Third National Industrial Exhibition in Tokyo in 1890, 今井直四郎

この白石産の紙布とは別に、明治時代には雁皮を原料とした紙布で壁紙が作られるようになり、第三回内国勧業博覧会には、東京本所の今井直四郎が紙布の壁紙を出品している。