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利用者:Athomeinkobe/ORCID

ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID)とは科学及びその他の学術の著作者を一意に識別するため、非専売の英数字コードである。[1][2][3][4] デジタルオブジェクト識別子 (DOI)と似ているように、人間に対し、持続的な識別を提供する。[5] ORCIDは、よくある名字を使う名前、結婚によって変わる名前、つづりが異なる名前などの理由によって、科学または人文科学の文献へ著作者の貢献を特定する困難の問題に取り組む。

The ORCID organization offers an open and independent registry intended to be the de facto standard for contributor identification in research and academic publishing. On 16 October 2012, ORCID launched its registry services [6][7] and started issuing user identifiers.[8]

開発と開始

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ORCID was first organized as the "Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative".[9] A prototype was developed on software adapted from that used by Thomson Reuters for its ResearcherID system.[10] The registry is now an independent nonprofit organization, ORCID, Inc.,[11] incorporated in August 2010. Its executive Director, Laure Haak, was appointed in April 2012.[12] ORCID is freely usable and interoperable with other ID systems.[1] ORCID launched its registry services and started issuing user identifiers on 16 October 2012.[6] Formally, ORCID IDs are specified as URIs,[13] for example, the ORCID for John Wilbanks is http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4510-0385.[14] However, some publishers use the short form, e.g. "ORCID: 0000-0002-4510-0385".[15][16]

ORCID is a subset of the International Standard Name Identifier (ISNI),[17] under the auspices of the International Organization for Standardization (as ISO 27729) and the two organizations are cooperating. ISNI will uniquely identify contributors to books, television programmes, and newspapers, and has reserved a block of identifiers for use by ORCID,[17][18] in the range 0000-0001-5000-0007 to 0000-0003-5000-0001.[19] It is therefore possible for a person to legitimately have both an ISNI and an ORCID[20][21] - effectively, two ISNIs.

Both ORCID and ISNI use 16-character identifiers,[18] using the digits 0–9, and separated into groups of four by hyphens.[16] The final character, which may also be a letter "X" representing the value "10" (for example, Nick Jennings' ORCID is http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-248X[16][22]), is a MOD 11-2 check digit conforming to the ISO/IEC 7064:2003 standard.

An ORCID account for a fictitious person, Josiah Carberry, exists as http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0097, for use in testing and training examples.[23]

用途

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The aim of ORCID is to aid "the transition from science to e-Science, wherein scholarly publications can be mined to spot links and ideas hidden in the ever-growing volume of scholarly literature".[24] Another suggested use is to provide each researcher with "a constantly updated ‘digital curriculum vitae’ providing a picture of his or her contributions to science going far beyond the simple publication list."[1] The idea is that other organizations will use the open-access ORCID database to build their own services.

It has been noted in an editorial in Nature that ORCID, in addition to tagging the contributions that scientists make to papers, "could also be assigned to data sets they helped to generate, comments on their colleagues’ blog posts or unpublished draft papers, edits of Wikipedia entries and much else besides".[1]

In April 2014, ORCID announced plans to work with the Consortia Advancing Standards in Research Administration Information to record and acknowledge contributions to peer review.[25]

参加する組織、寄付者、登録者

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By the end of 2013 ORCID had 111 member organizations and over 460,000 registrants.[26][27][28] On 15 November 2014, ORCID announced the one-millionth registration.[29] The organizational members include many publishers such as Elsevier, Springer, Wiley and Nature Publishing Group. Others are research institutions (among them Caltech and Cornell University), commercial companies including Thomson Reuters, academic societies and a charitable foundation, the Wellcome Trust.[30]

In June 2014, ORCID announced that it had appointed Andy Mabbett as its Wikipedian in Residence.[31]

利用

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Nick Jennings' ORCID in his Wikidata entry

In addition to members and sponsors, journals, publishers, and other services have included ORCID in their workflows or databases. For example, the Journal of Neuroscience,[32][33] Springer Publishing,[34] the Hindawi Publishing Corporation,[16] Europe PubMed Central,[35] the Japanese National Institute of Informatics's Researcher Name Resolver,[36] Wikipedia,[37] and Wikidata.[38]

Some online services have created tools for exporting data to, or importing data from, ORCID. These include Scopus[39] and Figshare.[40] Thomson Reuters have enabled data exchange between ORCID and its ResearcherID system, and vice versa.[41]

Third-party tools allow the migration of content from other services into ORCID, for example ODIN, for DataCite[42] and Mendeley2ORCID, for Mendeley.[43]

Some ORCID data may also be retrieved as RDF.[44]

参照

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引用

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  1. ^ a b c d Editorial (2009). "Credit where credit is due". Nature. 462: 825. doi:10.1038/462825a
  2. ^ ORCID website
  3. ^ News (30 May 2012) "Scientists: your number is up: ORCID scheme will give researchers unique identifiers to improve tracking of publications.", Declan Butler, "Nature". 485: 564 doi:10.1038/485564a
  4. ^ “Ten things you need to know about ORCID right now”. ImpactStory (10 April 2014). 15 April 2014閲覧。
  5. ^ CrossRef & ORCID
  6. ^ a b “ORCID Launches Registry”. 18 October 2012閲覧。
  7. ^ “ORCID vs ISNI; ORCID lanceert vandaag hun Author Register - Artikel - SURFspace”. 24 October 2012閲覧。
  8. ^ “Register for an ORCID iD”. 18 October 2012閲覧。
  9. ^ “Welcome to the Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative (or ORCID) group on Nature Network”. 23 October 2012閲覧。
  10. ^ “Press Release: ORCID funding and development efforts on target” (15 August 2011). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。 “ORCID also announced today that Thomson Reuters has provided ORCID with a perpetual license and royalty free use of ResearcherID code and intellectual property, giving ORCID the critical technology to create its system” [リンク切れ]
  11. ^ Craig Van Dyck. “Wiley-Blackwell Publishing News: An Update on the Open Researcher and Contributor Identifier (ORCID)”. 23 October 2012閲覧。
  12. ^ Butler, Declan (30 May 2012). “Scientists: your number is up”. Nature. 31 May 2014閲覧。
  13. ^ “Trademark and iD Display Guidelines”. ORCID. 21 August 2013閲覧。
  14. ^ “Structure of the ORCID Identifier”. ORCID. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  15. ^ “Template ORCID”. Wikipedia. 16 February 2015閲覧。
  16. ^ a b c d “Hiroshi Asakura”. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  17. ^ a b “ISNI and ORCID”. ISNI. 29 March 2013閲覧。[リンク切れ]
  18. ^ a b “What is the relationship between ISNI and ORCID?”. 23 October 2012閲覧。
  19. ^ “Structure of the ORCID Identifier”. ORCID. 23 July 2014閲覧。
  20. ^ “ISNI 0000000031979523”. ISNI. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  21. ^ “ORCID 0000-0001-5882-6823”. ORCID. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  22. ^ “Nick Jennings”. ORCID. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  23. ^ “Josiah Carberry” (html). Biography. ORCID, Inc. 22 December 2014閲覧。 “Josiah Carberry is a fictitious person.”
  24. ^ ORCID: About us
  25. ^ “Latest news on the stm publishing industry from scope e knowledge center pvt ltd” (9 April 2014). 15 April 2014閲覧。
  26. ^ “2013 Year in review”. ORCID, Inc. 1 February 2014閲覧。
  27. ^ “Members”. ORCID, Inc. 20 July 2013閲覧。
  28. ^ O'Beirne, Richard. “OUP and ORCID”. Oxford Journals. 15 April 2014閲覧。
  29. ^ “Tweet”. ORCID (2014年11月15日). 15 November 2014閲覧。 “It’s official! 1M of you have an ORCID iD! We thank the community, and look forward to continued collaboration.”
  30. ^ ORCID Sponsors
  31. ^ Haak, Laure (10 June 2014). “Announcing ORCID's Wikipedian-in-Residence”. 19 July 2014閲覧。
  32. ^ “Announcements”. Journal of Neuroscience (April 2014). 20 April 2014閲覧。
  33. ^ “The Journal of Neuroscience Rolls Out ORCID Integration”. Society for Neuroscience. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  34. ^ “Author Zone 16 - ORCID”. Springer Publishing. 21 April 2014閲覧。
  35. ^ “ORCID Article Claiming”. Europe PubMed Central. 16 May 2014閲覧。
  36. ^ “ORCID integration”. Researcher Name Resolver. National Institute of Informatics. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  37. ^ Wikipedia authors. “Category:Wikipedia articles with ORCID identifiers”. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  38. ^ Wikidata contributors. “Pages that link to "Property:P496"”. Wikdiata. Wikimedia Foundation. 20 April 2014閲覧。
  39. ^ “Scopus2Orcid - Use the Scopus to Orcid Author details and documents wizard to collect all your Scopus records in one unique author profile”. Scopus. 7 May 2014閲覧。
  40. ^ “figshare ORCID integration”. Figshare. 7 May 2014閲覧。
  41. ^ “RID - ORCID Integration - IP & Science”. Thomson Reuters. 29 March 2013閲覧。
  42. ^ Thorisson, Gudmundur (13 May 2013). “New ORCID-integrated data citation tool”. ODIN Project. 7 May 2014閲覧。
  43. ^ “Mendeley to ORCID”. 7 May 2014閲覧。
  44. ^ “Q&D RDF Browser”. 17 June 2014閲覧。

外部リンク

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ウィキデータにはORCIDのプロパティであるP496があります。（使用状況）


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