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The Law of Jante (Danish: Janteloven (デンマーク語発音: [ˈja̝nd̥əˌlo̞ʋˀən]); Norwegian: Janteloven (Bokmål) or Jantelova (Nynorsk) (ノルウェー語発音: [ˈjantɛˌlɔ̹ːvɛn]); Icelandic: Jantelögin; Swedish: Jantelagen (スウェーデン語発音: [ˈjantɛˌlɑːɡɛn]) is the idea that there is a pattern of group behaviour towards individuals within Scandinavian communities that negatively portrays and criticises individual success and achievement as unworthy and inappropriate. The Jante Law as a concept was created by the Dano-Norwegian author Aksel Sandemose.^[1] In his novel A Fugitive Crosses His Tracks (En flyktning krysser sitt spor, 1933, English translation published in the USA in 1936) identified the Law of Jante as ten rules. Sandemose's novel portrays the small Danish town Jante (modelled upon his native town Nykøbing Mors as it was at the beginning of the 20th century, but typical of all small towns and communities), where nobody is anonymous.^[2]

Generally used colloquially in Denmark^[3] and the rest of the Nordic countries as a sociological term to negatively describe a condescending attitude towards individuality and success, the term refers to a mentality that de-emphasises individual effort and places all emphasis on the collective, while discouraging those who stand out as achievers.

Definition

There are ten rules in the law as defined by Sandemose, all expressive of variations on a single theme and usually referred to as a homogeneous unit: You are not to think you're anyone special or that you're better than us.

The ten rules state:

自分が特別な存在だと思うな。
自分が他人と対等だと思うな。
自分が他人より賢いと思うな。
自分が他人より優れていると思い込むな。
自分が他人より物知りだと思うな。
自分が他人より重要だと思うな。
自分が何かに秀でていると思うな。
他人を笑うな。
他人が自分を気にすると思うな。
自分が他人に何かを教えられると思うな。

これらの10の These ten principles or commandments are often claimed to form the "Jante's Shield" of the Scandinavian people.

In the book, the Janters who transgress this unwritten 'law' are regarded with suspicion and some hostility, as it goes against the town's communal desire to preserve harmony, social stability and uniformity.

An eleventh rule recognised in the novel as 'the penal code of Jante' is:

Perhaps you don't think we know a few things about you?

Present

Sandemose wrote about the working class in the town of Jante, a group of people of the same social position. He expressly stated in later books that the social norms of Jante were universal and not intended to depict any particular town or country. It should be understood that Sandemose was seeking to formulate and describe attitudes that had already been part of the Danish and Norwegian psyche for centuries. Today, however, it is common in Scandinavia to claim the Law of Jante as something quintessentially Danish, Swedish, or Norwegian.^[要出典]

Later, the meaning of The Law of Jante was extended to refer to those who want to break out of their social groups and reach a higher position in society in general.^[4]

References

^ Scott, Mark (18 December 2003). “Signs of Cracks in the Law of Jante”. The New York Times 2013年12月22日閲覧. "Taken from a book by the Danish author Aksel Sandemose, the concept suggests that the culture within Scandinavian countries discourages people from promoting their own achievements over those of others."
^ Translator note, En flygtning krydser sit spor, 2nd ed.
^ Adleswärd, Viveka (2 November 2003). “Avundsjukan har urgamla anor” [Jealousy has ancient ancestry] (Swedish). Svenska Dagbladet. 28 April 2015閲覧。
^ Andersen, Steen (6 July 1992). “Den løbske Jantelov” [The Runaway Jante Law]. Morsø Folkeblad. 28 April 2015閲覧。

利用者:弩/sandbox

Definition

Present

See also

References

Further reading