利用者:加藤勝憲/マテリアリティ（法）

重要性とは、当該問題に対する事実の重要性である。[1]

Materiality is the significance of facts to the matter at hand.

In the law of evidence

証拠は、事件の結果に影響を及ぼす事実と何らかの論理的つながりがある場合、重要とみなされる。証拠の重要性は、証明価値とともに、特定の証拠を関連性のあるものにする 2 つの特性の 1 つである[2] 。これは、原告が証明しようとしている訴因の要素、または刑事事件で有罪判決を得るために検察官が証明しなければならない要素に大きく依存する。したがって、どの問題を事実として証明する必要があるかは、基礎となる実体法の産物である3]。

An item of evidence is said to be material if it has some logical connection to a fact of consequence to the outcome of a case. Materiality, along with probative value, is one of two characteristics that make a given item of evidence relevant. This largely depends on the elements of the cause of action the plaintiff seeks to prove, or that the prosecutor must prove in a criminal case to secure a conviction. Which issues must be factually proven are therefore a product of the underlying substantive law.

In corporate and securities law

Within the context of corporate and securities law in the United States, a fact is defined as material if there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable shareholder would consider it important in deciding how to vote their shares or invest their money. In this regard, it is similar to the accounting term of the same name.

Materiality is particularly important in the context of securities law, because under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, a company can be held civilly or criminally liable for false, misleading, or omitted statements of fact in proxy statements and other documents, if the fact in question is found by the court to have been material pursuant to Rule 10b-5.

In contract law

In the law of contracts, a material term in a contract is a term or provision that concerns significant issues, such as subject matter, price, quantity, type of work to be done, and terms of payment or performance.

In patent law

In United States patent law, information is material to patentability and therefore subject to the duty of disclosure if

(1) It establishes, by itself or in combination with other information, a prima facie case of unpatentability of a claim; or

(2) It refutes, or is inconsistent with, a position the applicant takes in:

(i) Opposing an argument of unpatentability relied on by the Office, or

(ii) Asserting an argument of patentability.

See also

• Material witness

References

[[Category:法律用語]] [[Category:証拠法]]