利用者:加藤勝憲/プァズレ・ハサン・アベッド

Fazle Hasan Abed
Abed receiving the Thomas Francis Jr Medal from the University of Michigan (April 2016)
生誕	(1936-04-27) 1936年4月27日 Baniachong, Bengal Presidency, British India
死没	2019年12月20日(2019-12-20)（83歳没） Dhaka, Bangladesh
国籍	Bangladeshi
著名な実績	Founder of BRAC

Sir Fazle Hasan Abed KCMG (ベンガル語: ফ organismল ে পাান আে; 1936年4月27日 - 2019年12月20日) は、世界最大級のNGOであるBRACの創設者である。

Sir Fazle Hasan Abed KCMG (ベンガル語: ফজলে হাসান আবেদ; 27 April 1936 – 20 December 2019) was the founder of BRAC, one of the world's largest non-governmental organizations.

Early life

アベドは1936年4月27日、現在のバングラデシュ・シレット州ハビガンジ郡にあるバニアチョン村で生まれた。ハサン家として知られるベンガル系イスラム教徒のザミンダー家に属し、シディック・ハサンとシーダ・スフィア・カトゥンの8人の子供のうちの1人であった。アベドの母方の祖父、シード・モアゼム・ウッディン・ホサインは、英国統治末期にベンガルの農業大臣と教育大臣を歴任した。父方の大叔父は帝国議会議員であったサイード・シャムスル・フダ卿である[1][2][3]。

Abed was born on 27 April 1936 in the village of Baniachong, located in what is present-day Habiganj District, Sylhet, Bangladesh. He belonged to a Bengali Muslim family of Zamindars, known as the Hasan family, and was one of eight children of Siddiq Hasan and Syeda Sufia Khatun. Abed's maternal grandfather, Syed Moazzem Uddin Hossain, had served successively as ministers for agriculture and education for Bengal during the last years of British rule. His paternal great-uncle was Sir Syed Shamsul Huda, a member of the Imperial Legislative Council.

1954年にダッカ・カレッジの中級課程に合格したアベドは、18歳で家を出てグラスゴー大学に入学。伝統から脱却し、根本的に異なることをしようと、海軍建築を学んだ。東パキスタンでは造船の仕事はほとんどなく、海軍建築のキャリアを積めば帰国が難しくなると考えたのだ。そう考えたアベドはロンドンの勅許管理会計士協会に入り、1962年に専門教育を修了した。

After passing intermediate from Dhaka College in 1954, Abed left home at the age of 18 to attend University of Glasgow, where, in an effort to break away from tradition and do something radically different, he studied naval architecture. He realized there was little work in ship building in East Pakistan and a career in Naval Architecture would make returning home difficult. With that in mind, Abed joined the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants in London, completing his professional education in 1962.

アベドは東パキスタン（現バングラデシュ）に戻り、シェル石油会社に入社し、すぐに財務部門を率いるまでに出世した。シェルで働いたことで、アベドは巨大コングロマリットの内情に触れ、企業経営に関する見識を深めた。

Abed returned to East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) to join Shell Oil Company and quickly rose to head its finance division. His time at Shell exposed Abed to the inner workings of a large conglomerate and provided him with insight into corporate management, which would become invaluable to him later in life.

Fazle Hasan Abed in the mid-2000s

シェルに勤務していた1970年、同国南部と南東部の沿岸地域を壊滅的なサイクロンが襲い、30万人が死亡した。このサイクロンはアベドに大きな影響を与えた。このような壊滅的な被害を前にして、会社重役の快適な生活や特典は彼にとって何の魅力も感じなくなったという。アベドは友人たちとともにHELPという組織を立ち上げ、災害で人口の4分の3を失ったマンプラ島で最も被害の大きかった人々に救援とリハビリを提供した。

It was during his time at Shell that the devastating cyclone of 1970 hit the south and south-eastern coastal regions of the country, killing 300,000 people. The cyclone had a profound effect on Abed. In the face of such devastation, he said the comforts and perks of a corporate executive's life ceased to have any attraction for him. Together with friends, Abed created HELP, an organisation that provided relief and rehabilitation to the worst affected in the island of Manpura, which had lost three-quarters of its population in the disaster.

ほどなくして、パキスタンからの独立を求めるバングラデシュ独自の闘いが始まり、アベドは国外退去を余儀なくされた。彼はイギリスに避難し、そこでアクション・バングラデシュを立ち上げ、自国の独立をヨーロッパ各国政府に働きかけた。

Soon after, Bangladesh's own struggle for independence from Pakistan began and circumstances forced Abed to leave the country. He found refuge in the United Kingdom, where he set up Action Bangladesh to lobby the governments of Europe for his country's independence.

Formation of BRAC

When the Bangladesh Liberation War ended in December 1971, Abed sold his flat in London and returned to the newly independent Bangladesh. Hundreds of refugees who had sought shelter in India during the war had started to return home, and their relief and rehabilitation called for urgent efforts. Abed decided to use the funds he had generated from selling his flat to initiate an organisation to deal with the long-term task of improving the living conditions of the rural poor. He selected the remote region of Sulla in northeastern Bangladesh to start his work, and this work led to the non-governmental organisation known as BRAC in 1972.

BRAC grew to become one of the largest development organisations in the world in terms of the scale and diversity of its interventions. The organization now operates in all 64 districts of Bangladesh through development interventions that range from education, healthcare, microfinance, skills, human rights, agriculture and enterprise development. In 2002, BRAC went international by taking its range of development interventions to Afghanistan. Since then, BRAC has expanded to a total of 10 countries across Asia and Africa, successfully adapting its unique integrated development model across varying geographic and socioeconomic contexts. It is now considered to be the largest non-profit in the world – both by employees and people served.

Professional positions

Abed held the following positions:

• 1972–2001 – Executive Director, BRAC
• 1981–1982 – Visiting Scholar, Harvard Institute of International Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
• 1982–1986 – Senior Fellow, Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS).
• 1982–1986 – Member, Board of Trustees, BIDS.
• 1982–1986 – Chairperson, Association of Development Agencies in Bangladesh (ADAB).
• 1986–1991 – Member, World Bank NGO Committee, Geneva, Switzerland.
• 1987–1990 – Chairperson, South Asia Partnership.
• 1987–1990 – Member, International Commission on Health Research for Development, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
• 1990–2009 – Chairperson, 'Campaign for Popular Education' (CAMPE), an NGO network on education.
• 1992–1993 – Member, Independent South Asian Commission on Poverty Alleviation
• 1992–2009 – Chairperson, NGO Forum for Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation
• 1993–2011 – Chairperson, Ain O Salish Kendra (ASK), a human rights organisation
• 1994–2019 – Member, Board of Trustees, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), Dhaka
• 1998–2004 – Member, Board of Governors, Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Sussex University, UK
• 1998–2005 – Member, Policy Advisory Group, The Consultative Group to Assist the Poorest (CGAP), The World Bank, Washington, DC.
• 1999–2005 – Member, Board of Governors, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines.
• 2000–2005 – Chair, Finance & Audit Committee, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Los Banos, Philippines.
• 2000–2019 – Chairperson, Governing Body, BRAC.
• 2001–2008 – Chairperson, Board of Directors, BRAC Bank Limited.
• 2001–2019 – Chairperson, Board of Trustees, BRAC University.
• 2002–2008 – Global Chairperson, International Network of Alternative Financial Institutions (INAFI) International.
• 2005–2019 – Commissioner, UN Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor (CLEP)
• 2010–2011 – UN Secretary General's Group of Eminent Persons for Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
• 2012–2019 – Member, UN Secretary General's Lead Group of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) Movement
• 2015–2015 – Chairperson, Board of Directors, BRAC Saajan Exchange Limited
• 2015–2019 – Chairperson, Advisory Board, Bengal Institute for Architecture, Landscapes and Settlements.

Awards

• The Ramon Magsaysay Award for Community Leadership, 1980
• The Alan Shawn Feinstein World Hunger Award, 1990
• The Maurice Pate Award by UNICEF, 1992
• The Olof Palme Prize, 2001
• The Social Entrepreneurship Award by the Schwab Foundation, 2002
• The International Activist Award by the Gleitsman Foundation, 2003
• The UNDP Mahbub ul Haq Award, 2004
• The Henry R. Kravis Prize in Nonprofit Leadership, 2007
• The Inaugural Clinton Global Citizen Award, 2007
• Palli Karma Shahayak Foundation (PKSF) Lifetime Achievement in Social Development and Poverty Alleviation, 2007
• The David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award, 2008
• Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG), 2010
• The WISE Prize for Education, 2011
• Open Society Prize, 2013
• Leo Tolstoy International Gold Medal by The Russian Children Foundation (RDF), 2014
• World Food Prize, 2015
• Thomas Francis, Jr. Medal in Global Public Health, 2016
• Jose Edgardo Campos Collaborative Leadership Award 2016 (South Asian Region), 2017
• Laudato Si' Award (Institution Category), 2017
• LEGO Prize, 2018
• Yidan Prize, 2019

• 1994 – Honorary Doctorate of Laws, Queen's University, Canada
• 2003 – Honorary Doctorate of Education, University of Manchester, UK
• 2007 – Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, Yale University, US
• 2008 – Honorary Doctorate of Laws, Columbia University, US
• 2009 – Honorary Doctorate of Letters, University of Oxford, UK
• 2009 – Honorary Doctorate in Humane letters, Rikkyo University, Japan
• 2010 – Honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, University of Bath, UK
• 2012 – Doctor of Laws honoris causa, University of Manchester, UK
• 2014 – Honorary Degree of Doctor of Civil Law, Sewanee: The University of the South, US
• 2014 – Honorary Doctor of Laws, Princeton University, US
• 2016 – Honorary Degree of Doctor of Education, University of Bradford, UK

Death

He was admitted to the hospital in late November 2019 on account of breathing problems and physical weakness. He died at the Apollo Hospital (now Evercare Hospital Dhaka) in the capital on Friday, 20 December 2019. He was undergoing treatment for a malignant brain tumor. At the time of his death, he was 83 years old. He is survived by a wife, a daughter, a son and three grandchildren.

References

[[Category:イギリスに帰化した人物]] [[Category:グラスゴー大学出身の人物]] [[Category:2019年没]] [[Category:1936年生]]