利用者:加藤勝憲/ジャミラ・ブーパシャ（ジャミラ・ブヒレド）
Djamila Bouhired
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| Born | June 1935 (age 88) |
| Nationality | Algerian |
| Organization | National Liberation Army (ALN) |
| Movement | National Liberation Front (FLN) |
| Spouse | Jacques Vergès (1965[1]–1970) |
| Relatives |
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Djamila Bouhired (アラビア語: جميلة بوحيرد, born c. 1935[2]) is an Algerian militant. Bouhired is a nationalist[2] who opposed the French colonial rule of Algeria. She was raised in a middle-class family,[3] having attended a French school in Algeria. She would go on in her youth to join the Algerian National Liberation Front (FLN) while a student activist. There she worked as a liaison officer and personal assistant of FLN commander Yacef Saadi in Algiers.
生涯
[編集]
ジャミラ・ブヘリッドは植民地時代のアルジェリアの中流家庭に生まれた。まだフランス人学校に通っていた頃、彼女は革命精神を見出した。フランス人の生徒たちが毎朝「フランスは私たちの母」と繰り返すと、ブヘリッドは立ち上がって「アルジェリアは私たちの母よ！」と叫んだ。すると彼女は校長から罰を受けた。この頃から、ブヒレッドは革命の大義に惹かれていった。彼女の兄たちはすでに地下の民族主義闘争に参加していたため、ブーヘレッドはすぐに参加し、彼女の知名度は瞬く間に上昇した。革命の間、彼女は司令官サーディ・ヤチェフの連絡係として働いた。
1957年4月、カスバで予定されていた大規模なデモの前に、彼女はフランス軍に捕らえられ、そのデモに関する情報を求めて拷問を受けた。拷問中、彼女は一切情報を漏らさず、「アルジェリアは私たちの母」と繰り返したと伝えられている。このような極度の拷問にもかかわらず、ブヒレッドさんは、いかなる不正行為も自白していないし、FLNに関する秘密情報も明かしていないと主張している。ブヒレッドによれば、拷問は合計17日間続いたという。
1957年7月、彼女は、同じくアルジェリアの反乱分子であるジャミラ・ブアザ Djamila Bouazza,（19歳）[3]とともに、カフェを爆破した容疑で裁判にかけられた。当時、アルジェリア民族主義者の大義に共鳴していたフランスの弁護士ジャック・ヴェルジェスJacques Vergès, は、彼女の事件を耳にし、弁護を引き受けることにした。歴史的な裁判となったが、ヴェルジェスはブヒレッドのために広報キャンペーンを展開し、フランス政府自身が彼の弁護で告発された行為を行ったと非難した。ヴェルジェスの努力にもかかわらず、ブヘレッドは有罪判決を受け、ギロチンによる死刑を宣告された。
Vergès co-wrote a plea arguing that Bouhired should not receive the death penalty. Various protest groups formed throughout Algeria and abroad rallied to convince the government not to kill Bouhired. Most notably, princess Laila Ayesha of Morocco contacted the President of France at the time, René Coty, and asked that Bouhired be spared from the death sentence. After being spared, Bouhired served a prison sentence in the Reims prison until 1962.[3] As the end of the war drew near, she was released along with many other Algerian prisoners.
Vergès claimed to have become a target of the French colonial government, which allegedly launched several failed assassination attempts against him, including a bomb placed in his apartment and another in his car. Bouhired and Vergès were married a year after Algeria's independence, by which point Vergès had converted to Islam and taken the first name Mansoor. The couple had two children, Meriem and Liess Vergès. Bouhired separated from Vergés in 1970, after 7 years together.[4] She became chairwoman of the Algerian Women Association in independent Algeria, and was constantly at odds with then-Algerian President Ahmed Ben Bella.
Bouhired was one of the many women fighting for emancipation and equality in the newly independent Algeria. However, economic downfall and exponential population growth caused a rise in Islamic fundamentalism, which coupled with new laws allowing for a multi-party political system ultimately resulted in civil war. Equality for women was not a priority of the government throughout this period in Algerian history. Nonetheless, Bouhired will forever be known for her work not just for Algerian independence, but also for women's rights in Algeria.[3]
Period of imprisonment
[編集]Very few details about what transpired during her imprisonment can be independently confirmed. The only information available is what Bouhired and sources related to her have claimed afterwards. What she stated is that she was subjected to torture during her imprisonment and that the torture was not limited to her, that her brothers were also subject to torture, one of them having been tortured in front of their mother.
Present day
[編集]Djamila Bouhired resides in the capital of Algeria, Algiers, and continues to be a militant for several causes of which she participates in protests and marches, including the 2019 Algerian protests.[5]
In popular culture
[編集]She was one of the trio of FLN female bombers depicted in the 1966 film The Battle of Algiers. She was also depicted in the film Jamila, the Algerian (1958) by Egyptian director Youssef Chahine and in Terror's Advocate, a documentary film about Jacques Vergès. There is a song dedicated to her in Indonesian.[6]
Tunisia : Order of the Republic – Grand Officer (2020)[7]
References
[編集]- ^ Jones, Mother (May 1987). Mother Jones Magazine. Retrieved 2016-06-02.
- ^ a b Kuhlman, Erika A. (2002). A to Z of women in world history. Infobase Publishing. p. 176. ISBN 978-0-8160-4334-7 6 November 2010閲覧。
- ^ a b c d “Bouhired, Djamila (1937—) - Dictionary definition of Bouhired, Djamila (1937—) - Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary”. www.encyclopedia.com. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ “Un couple mythique : Jacques Vergès et Djamila Bouhired | ChoufChouf”. 2018年4月9日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2018年4月8日閲覧。
- ^ “Algeria: Tens of thousands protest president's bid for fifth term”. www.aljazeera.com. Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
- ^ (英語) [ALGERIA/INDONESIA Djamila (sung by LEKRA Choir)] 2022年2月5日閲覧。
- ^ “من هي أيقونة الثورة التي منحها رئيس تونس أعلى وسام؟” (Arabic). Al Arabiya (23 January 2020). Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
外部リンク
[編集][[Category:女性革命家]] [[Category:存命人物]] [[Category:1935年生]]