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Location of UNESCO World Heritage Sites within the Netherlands
Location of UNESCO World Heritage Sites within Curaçao

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] The Netherlands accepted the convention on 26 August 1992, making its natural and historical sites eligible for inclusion on the list.[2]

2020年現在, there are ten properties in the Kingdom of the Netherlands inscribed on the World Heritage List.[3][4][5] Nine of those sites are in the Netherlands and one is in Curaçao, in the Caribbean. The Netherlands and Curaçao are both constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. Nine sites are cultural properties and one is a natural property.[2] The first site added to the list was Schokland and Surroundings in 1995. The last site on the current list was added in 2014. The transnational site Wadden Sea is shared with Denmark and Germany. There are currently six properties on the tentative list. Two of these sites are entirely in the Netherlands, two are transnational nominations shared with Belgium and Germany, respectively, one is in Curaçao, and one is in Bonaire, which is a special municipality of the Netherlands, located in the Caribbean.[2]

World Heritage Sites

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UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, whereas vii through x are natural.[6]

  * Transnational site
World Heritage Sites
Site Image Location Year listed UNESCO data Description
Schokland and Surroundings Partially flooded fields, view from above Noordoostpolder, Flevoland 1995 739; iii, v (cultural) Schokland demonstrates how the people of the Netherlands were struggling against the sea. It is a peninsula which had been inhabited since prehistoric times, it became an island in the 15th century, until it was completely encroached by the Zuiderzee in 1859. The Noordoostpolder was created in the 1940s and consequently Schokland was reclaimed.[7]
Defence Line of Amsterdam Wall with several metal gates North Holland and Utrecht 1996 759; ii, iv, v (cultural) The defence line around Amsterdam was built between 1883 and 1920. The fortification is based on the principle of controlling the waters around a city. It contains a network of 45 armed forts and can temporarily flood polders extending 135キロメートル (84 mi) around Amsterdam.[8]
Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout Several windmills, water channel in front Alblasserdam and Nieuw-Lekkerland, South Holland 1997 818; i, ii, iv (cultural) This property is an example of the human-made landscape created by draining the water from the polders. Construction of hydraulic works began in the Middle Ages to create the land for agriculture and to settle. Technological heritage includes high- and low-lying drainage and transport channels for superfluous polder water, embankments and dikes, 3 pumping stations, 2 discharge sluices, 2 Water Board Assembly Houses, and 19 drainage mills, the majority of which were constructed between 1738 and 1740.[9]
Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao Waterfront with a series of brightly coloured houses Willemstad, Curaçao 1997 819; ii, iv, v (cultural) Willemstad was established as a trading settlement by merchants from the Netherlands in 1634. The modern town consists of several historic districts, which reflect the mix of Dutch, Spanish, and Portuguese cultural influences, as well as the Afro-Caribbean. Several historic houses are painted in bright colours, which is a tradition dating to the early 19th century.[10]
Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal (D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping Station) A brick building (the pumping station), water in front Lemmer, Lemsterland, Friesland 1998 867; i, ii, iv (cultural) The Wouda Steam Pumping Station is a steam-powered installation to prevent the flooding of the low-lying areas of Friesland. It started operating in 1920. When built, it was the largest and the technologically most advanced steam pumping station in the world. At the time of listing, it was still fully functioning.[11]
Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder) Historical map of the polder with clearly seen rectangular grid Beemster, North Holland 1999 899, i, ii, iv (cultural) Beemster Polder is the first polder that was created by reclaiming land from a lake. It was drained in 1612, which was made possible by advancements in windmill technology. The polder was laid down in a geometric pattern, in line with Renaissance planning principles. The basic plot is a rectangle of 180メートル (590 ft) by 900メートル (3,000 ft). The pattern of roads and watercourses runs north to south and east to west. The polder is still used for agriculture.[12]
Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House) A modernist-style house in front, older brick houses in the background Utrecht, Utrecht 2000 965; i, ii (cultural) The Rietveld Schröder House was built in 1924. It was commissioned by Truus Schröder-Schräder and designed by Gerrit Thomas Rietveld. The house is one of the best known examples of the De Stijl movement. It is a small one-family house with a flexible interior spatial arrangement, which allowed gradual changes over time in accordance with changes in functions. In the 1970s and 1980s it was carefully restored to its original condition and has been since preserved as a museum.[13]
The Wadden Sea* Coast with sandy dunes Friesland, Groningen, and North Holland 2009 1314; viii, ix, x (natural) The Wadden Sea is the largest unbroken system of intertidal sand and mud flats in the world. It is an important biodiversity spot, home to the species such as harbour seal, grey seal, and harbour porpoise. The sites in Germany and the Netherlands were inscribed to the World Heritage List in 2009, the site in Denmark was added in 2014.[14]
Seventeenth-century canal ring area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht Channels of Amsterdam from above Amsterdam, North Holland 2010 1349; i, ii, iv (cultural) The Amsterdam Canal District was designed at the end of the 16th century and constructed in the 17th century, as a new and entirely artificial port city. The canals are laid out in concentric arcs, intersected with radial waterways and streets. The majority of the houses erected in the 17th and 18th centuries are preserved, while the old civil and hydraulic structures have generally been replaced. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Amsterdam was seen as a reference model for several projects around the world.[15]
Van Nelle Factory White factory building with large letters "Van Nelle" Rotterdam, South Holland 2014 1441; ii, iv (cultural) The factory was built in the 1920s as a food processing and packaging plant for coffee, tea, and tobacco. It was designed by Leendert van der Vlugt and represents a new concept of factory, a symbol of the modernist and functionalist culture of the inter-war period. The façades are made of steel and glass, providing daylight to the workers. The industrial activities in the factory ceased in the 1990s, the property is now run by a new owner.[16]

Tentative list

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In addition to sites inscribed on the World Heritage list, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage list are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.[17] 2020年現在, the Netherlands has recorded six sites on its tentative list.[18]

Tentative sites
Site Image Location Year listed UNESCO criteria Description
Bonaire Marine Park Fish in front of corals Bonaire, Caribbean Netherlands 2011 vii, ix (natural) The park consists of 2,700ヘクタール (6,700エーカー) of coral reef, seagrass beds and mangroves. It is the habitat of more than 50 varieties of stony coral and over 350 species of reef fish, as well as a nesting ground for sea turtles. The coral reefs are the least degraded in the entire Caribbean.[19]
Eise Eisinga Planetarium Model of Solar system Franeker, Friesland 2011 i, ii, iv (cultural) The Royal Eise Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker is the oldest working planetarium in the world. It includes an orrery, a mechanical model of the Solar System, that was built by Eise Eisinga between 1774 and 1781. It is still fully operational.[20]
Koloniën van Weldadigheid (agricultural pauper colony)* Red brick house with two chimneys Veenhuizen, Noordenveld, Drenthe,

Frederiksoord, Wilhelminaoord, Westerveld, Drenthe

2011 v, vi (cultural) In the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe, large sections of the population of the Low Countries were left impoverished. To address the social issues, the Society of Benevolence was founded in 1818 and, under the supervision of Johannes van den Bosch, constructed seven agricultural colonies for families, orphans, beggars, and retired military personnel. This approach was innovative with the combination of education, healthcare and (forced) labour to ensure the self-sufficiency of the colonies. The tentative site is shared with Belgium.[21]
Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie A star-shaped moat surrounding a town, view from above Gelderland, North Brabant, North Holland, South Holland, and Utrecht 2011 ii, iv, v (cultural) Similar to the World Heritage Site Defence Line of Amsterdam, the Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie is a military defence line that used flooding of the fields to keep out invaders. It runs from Fort Naarden to Fort Steurgat in the Biesbosch and includes forts, casemates, sluices, and wooden houses.[22]
Plantations in West Curaçao White plantation building with red roof, trees around Curaçao 2011 ii, iv, v (cultural) Four plantations included in this nomination (Ascencion, San Juan, Savonet, and Knip) demonstrate the specific type of Dutch plantations operating in a dry tropical climate, facing issues with water management. As opposed to other plantations in the Caribbean, they focused on several crops and not only sugar. They were initially run on slave labour and were active from the 17th to the early 20th century.[23]
Frontiers of the Roman Empire — The Lower German Limes (Netherlands)* Reconstruction of a wooden watch tower Gelderland, South Holland, and Utrecht 2018 ii, iii, iv (cultural) The Lower German Limes protected the Roman province of Germania Inferior (Lower Germany), along the Rhine from the Rhenish Massif to the North Sea coast. The fortifications were established in the late 1st century BCE and remained in use until the disintegration of the Western Roman Empire in the early 5th century CE. The tentative site is shared with Germany. In the Netherlands, there are 26 individual components listed, which include remains of forts, towns, roads, and other infrastructure. This tentative site is a distinct site from the existing World Heritage Site Frontiers of the Roman Empire, which is listed in Germany and the United Kingdom and also features sites related to the Roman Limes.[24][25]

References

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  1. ^ “The World Heritage Convention”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 August 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c “The Netherlands”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 30 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  3. ^ “World Heritage Sites”. www.holland.com (12 August 2015). 27 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  4. ^ Neale, Abbie (10 December 2019). “10 World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands: the best monuments of Holland”. dutchreview.com. 27 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  5. ^ Joyce Chepkemoi (25 April 2017). “UNESCO World Heritage Sites In The Netherlands”. WorldAtlas. 27 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  6. ^ “UNESCO World Heritage Centre – The Criteria for Selection”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 12 June 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。17 August 2018閲覧。
  7. ^ “Schokland and Surroundings”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 30 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  8. ^ “Defence Line of Amsterdam”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 30 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  9. ^ “Mill Network at Kinderdijk-Elshout”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 11 July 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  10. ^ “Historic Area of Willemstad, Inner City and Harbour, Curaçao”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 1 July 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  11. ^ “Ir.D.F. Woudagemaal (D.F. Wouda Steam Pumping Station)”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 29 June 2009時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  12. ^ “Droogmakerij de Beemster (Beemster Polder)”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 11 July 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  13. ^ “Rietveld Schröderhuis (Rietveld Schröder House)”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 30 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  14. ^ “The Wadden Sea”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 11 July 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  15. ^ “Seventeenth-century canal ring area of Amsterdam inside the Singelgracht”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 6 December 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  16. ^ “Van Nelle Factory”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 30 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  17. ^ “Tentative Lists”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. April 1, 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。July 12, 2014閲覧。
  18. ^ “UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Tentative Lists: the Netherlands”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 22 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。19 January 2020閲覧。
  19. ^ “Bonaire Marine Park”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  20. ^ “Eise Eisinga Planetarium”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 23 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  21. ^ “Koloniën van Weldadigheid (agricultural pauper colony)”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  22. ^ “Nieuwe Hollandse Waterlinie”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 26 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  23. ^ “Plantations in West Curaçao”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 26 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  24. ^ “Frontiers of the Roman Empire — The Lower German Limes (Netherlands)”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 23 June 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。
  25. ^ “Frontiers of the Roman Empire”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 1 December 2015時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。27 July 2020閲覧。

Template:Netherlands topics Template:World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands Template:Lists of World Heritage Sites in Europe

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