コンテンツにスキップ

英文维基 | 中文维基 | 日文维基 | 草榴社区

利用者:ロイヤルオーク/sandbox/下書き3

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] Switzerland ratified the convention on 17 September 1975, making its natural and cultural sites eligible for inclusion on the list.[2]

As of 2020, there are twelve properties in Switzerland inscribed on the World Heritage List, nine of which are cultural sites and three are natural sites. The first three sites were added to the list in 1983: Old City of Berne, Abbey of Saint Gall, and Benedictine Abbey of St. John at Müstair. The most recent addition was the The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, in 2016. Four sites are shared with other countries. The Rhaetian Railway and Monte San Giorgio are shared with Italy, Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps with five countries, and The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier with six countries. There are also two sites on the tentative list.[2]

World Heritage Sites

[編集]

UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, whereas vii through x are natural.[3]

* Transnational site
World Heritage Sites
Site Image Location (canton) Year listed UNESCO data Description
Old City of Berne Bern's old city as seen from across the Aare River Bern 1983 267; iii (cultural) Berne was founded in the 12th century on a hill site surrounded by the Aare River from three sides. Over centuries, the city developed following an exceptionally coherent planning concept, thus retaining its original character. The medieval city saw the introduction of water fountains in the 16th century and the renovation and rebuilding of older buildings in the 18th century.[4]
Convent of St Gall A large cathedral with two distinct summits St. Gallen 1983 268; ii, iv (cultural) The Carolingian Convent of St Gall was founded in the 8th century and was secularized in 1805. It was one of the most important monasteries in Europe. Its library is one of the richest and oldest in the world and contains a number of precious manuscripts, such as the Plan of Saint Gall. Portions of the building were rebuilt in the Baroque style in the 18th century.[5]
Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair A clock tower standing beside two small houses and a museum Grisons 1983 269; iii (cultural) The Convent of Müstair is a Christian monastery from the Carolingian period, and was founded around 775. The church houses Switzerland's greatest series of figurative murals, painted in the first half of the 9th century. Some frescoes were painted over but restored in the 20th century. Since the 12th century, the convent has been used as a religious centre for Benedictine sisters.[6]
Three Castles, Defensive Wall and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona Montebello and Sasso Corbaro castles above Bellinzona Ticino 2000 884; iv (cultural) The fortifications at Bellinzona protected the entrance to the Ticino valley and in turn the access to one of the most important Alpine passes, leading to north Italy. The bulk of the fortifications dates to the 15th century, though some parts are centuries older. The property comprises two castles, Castelgrande and Montebello, which are connected by walls, and a third castle, Sasso Corbaro, which was built on an isolated rocky promontory. The site is in an excellent state of conservation.[7]
Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch A glacier, mountains in the background Bern and Valais 2001 1037bis; vii, viii, ix (natural) This site encompasses one of the highest and most glaciated areas of the Alps, with peaks such as Eiger, Mönch, and Jungfrau. It provides a geomorphological record of the processes that shaped the High Alps, as well as a diverse habitat for animals and plants, developing in a succession following the retreat of the glaciers. The landscape has played an important role in the development of mountaineering and alpine tourism, as well as in literature and in arts. Originally listed in 2001, the boundaries of the site were expanded in 2007.[8]
Monte San Giorgio* Monte San Giorgio, shown on the left in the background of Lake Lugano Ticino 2003 1090; viii (natural) Monte San Giorgio, overlooking Lake Lugano, is regarded as the best fossil record of marine life from the Triassic Period (245–230 million years ago). In that period, the area was a tropical lagoon, flourishing with reptiles, fish, bivalves, ammonites, echinoderms, and crustaceans. Fossils of terrestrial animals are also preserved, as the lagoon was near the land. The part of the property in Switzerland was listed in 2003 and expanded to include the Italian part in 2010.[9]
Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces Vineyard terraces rise above Lake Geneva Vaud 2007 1243; iii, iv, v (cultural) The Vineyard Terraces at Lavaux stretch for about 30 km (19 mi) along the south-facing northern shores of Lake Geneva from Chillon Castle to the eastern outskirts of Lausanne. They date back to the 11th century, when the area was controlled by Benedictine and Cistercian monasteries. Wine has been important for the local economy throughout centuries. The protected area includes villages, individual buildings, roads, and footpaths.[10]
Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes* The Glacier Express train in the Albula Valley Grisons 2008 1276; ii, iv (cultural) The Albula and Bernina lines of the Rhaetian Railway are two historic railway lines that cross the Swiss Alps. They were built in the early 20th century, providing a rapid and easy route into many formerly isolated alpine settlements. Building the railroads required overcoming technical challenges with bridges, galleries, and tunnels. The site is shared with Italy.[11]
Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona Martinsloch (Martins hole) is visible in the center of the Tschingelhörner in the Glarus Alps Grisons, Glarus, St. Gallen 2008 1179; viii (natural) The Glarus Alps feature a major thrust fault, a geological phenomenon where older rocks are carried onto younger layers in the process of mountain building. As this area is well accessible, it has played an important role in the studies of tectonic processes and geological sciences since the 18th century.[12]
La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning A fairly large city with buildings of diverse sizes Neuchâtel 2009 1302; iv (cultural) The two towns are located in the remote Swiss Jura Mountains. Due to poor agricultural land, the towns focused on watchmaking. After devastating fires in the 19th century, both towns were rebuilt to support this single industry. Artisanal production of a cottage industry developed into factory industry of the late 19th and 20th centuries. The town of La Chaux-de-Fonds, with its division of labour in the watchmaking industry, was studied by Karl Marx as a "huge factory-town" in his book Das Kapital.[13]
Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps* Remains of underwater palafittes, station of Morges 56 locations 2011 1363; iv, v (cultural) This transnational site (shared with Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Slovenia) contains 111 small individual sites with the remains of prehistoric pile-dwelling (or stilt house) settlements in and around the Alps built from around 5000 to 500 BCE on the edges of lakes, rivers, or wetlands. They contain a wealth of information on life and trade in agrarian Neolithic and Bronze Age cultures in Alpine Europe. Fifty-six of the sites are located in Switzerland.[14]
The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement* Immeuble Clarté building Vaud, Geneva 2016 1321rev; i, ii, vi (cultural) This transnational site (shared with Argentina, Belgium, France, Germany, India, and Japan) encompasses 17 works of Franco-Swiss architect Le Corbusier. Le Corbusier was an important representative of the Modernist movement, which introduced new architectural techniques to meet the needs of the changing society. Two sites are listed in Switzerland, Immeuble Clarté and Villa Le Lac.[15]

Tentative list

[編集]

In addition to the sites inscribed on the World Heritage list, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage list are only accepted if the site has previously been listed on the tentative list.[16] 2020年現在, Switzerland had two such sites on its tentative list.[2]

Tentative sites
Site Image Location (canton) Year listed UNESCO criteria Description
Salginatobel Bridge Salginatobel Bridge, photo from below Grisons 2017 i, iv (cultural) The reinforced concrete bridge, 132メートル (433 ft) long and spanning 93メートル (305 ft) over the Salgina gorge, was designed by Swiss civil engineer Robert Maillart (1872-1949) and was completed in 1930. The bridge is prominent due to the innovative use of new materials during the construction and elegant design.[17]
Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (expansion)* Ticino, Solothurn 2018 ix (natural) This is an expansion of the site already listed in twelve European countries. The sites document the post-glacial expansion of European beech. Two sites in Switzerland are listed, Forêt de la Vallée de Lodano and Forêt de la Bettlachstock.[18]

See also

[編集]

References

[編集]
  1. ^ “The World Heritage Convention”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 August 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。21 September 2010閲覧。
  2. ^ a b c “Switzerland”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 7 July 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。18 September 2020閲覧。
  3. ^ “UNESCO World Heritage Centre The Criteria for Selection”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 12 June 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。17 August 2018閲覧。
  4. ^ “Old City of Berne”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2 March 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  5. ^ “Convent of St Gall”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 9 May 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  6. ^ “Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 3 November 2011時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  7. ^ “Three Castles of Bellinzona”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 1 February 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  8. ^ “Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 9 November 2011時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  9. ^ “Monte San Giorgio”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 6 February 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  10. ^ “Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2 March 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  11. ^ “Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 2 March 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  12. ^ “Swiss Tectonic Arena Sardona”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 1 March 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  13. ^ “La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 3 November 2011時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  14. ^ “Prehistoric Pile Dwellings Around the Alps”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 3 October 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  15. ^ “The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier, an Outstanding Contribution to the Modern Movement”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 24 November 2018時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  16. ^ “Tentative Lists”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 1 April 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。 Template:Cite webの呼び出しエラー：引数 accessdate は必須です。
  17. ^ “Pont sur la gorge du Salgina”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 15 July 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。
  18. ^ “Forêts primaires de hêtres des Carpates (Slovaquie, Ukraine) et anciennes forêts de hêtres d’Allemagne (Allemagne) (Switzerland)”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 15 July 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。10 December 2020閲覧。


西ヨーロッパ
東ヨーロッパ
南ヨーロッパ
北ヨーロッパ
その他
自治領等
各列内は五十音順。
バチカンは国際連合非加盟。
「その他」は国家の承認を得る国が少ない、または無い国であり、国際連合非加盟。国家承認を得た国連非加盟の国と地域の一覧・独立主張のある地域一覧も参照。
関連カテゴリ：Category:大陸別の世界遺産 Category:各国の世界遺産
「https://ja-two.iwiki.icu/w/index.php?title=利用者:ロイヤルオーク/sandbox/下書き3&oldid=84040057」から取得