利用者:ロイヤルオーク/sandbox/下書き1
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) designates World Heritage Sites of outstanding universal value to cultural or natural heritage which have been nominated by countries which are signatories to the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.[1] Cultural heritage consists of monuments (such as architectural works, monumental sculptures, or inscriptions), groups of buildings, and sites (including archaeological sites). Natural features (consisting of physical and biological formations), geological and physiographical formations (including habitats of threatened species of animals and plants), and natural sites which are important from the point of view of science, conservation or natural beauty, are defined as natural heritage.[2] Slovenia, following the declaration of independence from Yugoslavia on 25 June 1991, ratified the convention on 5 November 1992.[3]
2021年現在[update], there are four sites in Slovenia inscribed on the list and five sites on the tentative list. The first site in Slovenia to be added to the list was the Škocjan Caves, inscribed at the 10th UNESCO session in 1986.[4] In the 2010s, three more sites were inscribed, all of them transnational entries: pile dwellings at Ig, part of the Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps transnational site, in 2011,[5] Idrija, as part of the transnational site Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija, in 2012,[6] and two forest reserves, the Krokar and Snežnik–Ždrocle Virgin Forests in 2017, as a part of the extension to the site of Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and the Ancient Beech Forests of Germany.[7] Of these four sites, Škocjan Caves and the Primeval Beech Forests are natural sites while the other two are cultural sites, as determined by the organization's selection criteria.[3]
World Heritage Sites
[編集]UNESCO lists sites under ten criteria; each entry must meet at least one of the criteria. Criteria i through vi are cultural, whereas vii through x are natural.[8]
| Site | Image | Location | Year listed | UNESCO data | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Škocjan Caves | 
|
Škocjan (Municipality of Divača) | 1986 | 390; vii, viii (natural) | Cave system and surroundings that represent some of the most significant Karst topography phenomena, including one of the world's largest known underground river canyons. The Karst area is of special importance in the history of earth sciences.[4] |
| Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps* | 
|
Municipality of Ig | 2011 | 1363; iv, v (cultural) | Prehistoric pile-dwellings settlements. Excavations in these sites have provided insight into life in prehistoric times during the Neolithic and the Bronze Age in Alpine Europe. Two sites in Slovenia are listed: the pile dwellings in Ig, northern group (kolišča na Igu, severna skupina), and the pile dwellings in Ig, southern group (kolišča na Igu, južna skupina). This is a transnational site that also includes sites in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland.[5] |
| Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija* | 
|
Idrija | 2012 | 1313; ii, iv (cultural) | Idrija has one of the two largest mercury mines in the world, with mercury being first discovered there in 1490. The site features the infrastructure and technology related to mining and mercury production and bears testimony to the intercontinental trade in mercury, which generated important exchanges between Europe and America over the centuries. The site is shared with the mining town of Almadén, Spain.[6] |
| Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe* | 
|
Municipalities of Kočevje, Ilirska Bistrica, Loška Dolina | 2017 | 1133ter; ix (natural) | The two forest reserves, Krokar and Snežnik – Ždrocle Virgin Forests represent an outstanding example of undisturbed, complex temperate forests. They demonstrate the postglacial expansion process of such forests and exhibit the most complete and comprehensive ecological patterns and processes of pure and mixed stands of European beech across a variety of environmental conditions. The site is a part of transnational site, also shared with Albania, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Germany, Italy, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, and Ukraine.[7] |
Tentative list
[編集]In addition to the sites inscribed on the World Heritage list, member states can maintain a list of tentative sites that they may consider for nomination. Nominations for the World Heritage list are only accepted if the site was previously listed on the tentative list.[9] 2021年現在[update], Slovenia recorded five sites on its tentative list.[3]
| Site | Image | Location | Year listed | UNESCO criteria | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fužina hills in Bohinj | 
|
Stara Fužina and Studor v Bohinju (Municipality of Bohinj) | 1994 | ii, v (cultural) | The area that was developed for the particular needs of alpine pasture cattle-raising, with herdsmen gradually moving the cattle up to the highlands in the summer months. Mountainous settlements developed specific farm structures, especially hayracks.[10] |
| Franja Partisan Hospital | 
|
Dolenji Novaki (Municipality of Cerkno) | 2000 | i, iii, iv (cultural) | A clandestine partisan hospital complex, set up during World War II. It had a capacity of up to 120 patients and provided treatment to soldiers of various nationalities. It was never discovered by the enemy forces.[11] |
| Classic Karst | 
|
Karst Plateau | 2015 | vii, viii, ix, x (natural) | Karst Plateau is the region where Karst phenomena were scientifically described for the first time. Continuous human settlement for over 2000 years has created a cultural landscape with a unique identity. The karst region of Slovenia is among the richest areas in Europe in terms of flora and fauna and one of the global "hotspots" of biodiversity.[12] |
| The Walk of Peace from the Alps to the Adriatic – Heritage of the First World War | 
|
Upper Carniola and Slovene Littoral | 2016 | ii, vi (cultural) | The site encompasses the area where the Isonzo front took place during the First World War. Sites include the Russian Chapel on the Vršič Pass, military cemeteries in Log pod Mangartom, Solkan, Štanjel, Gorjansko, and Črniče, Charnel houses in Tolmin and Kobarid, Memorial Church of the Holy Spirit in Javorca, historical areas at Zaprikaj, Mengore, and Sabotin, military chapel in Ladra, and Bohinj Railway.[13] |
| The timeless, humanistic architecture of Jože Plečnik | Tromostovje bridges above the Ljubljanica river, photo from the river level | Ljubljana and Črna Vas | 2018 | i, iv (cultural) | The site encompasses some of the most prominent works of Jože Plečnik. Sites include St. Michael's Church in Črna Vas, and the following sites in Ljubljana: the promenade along the embankments of the Ljubljanica River and the bridges crossing it, the "Green promenade": Vegova Street with the National and University Library from French Revolution Square to Congress Square and Star Park, Trnovo Bridge, Roman Walls in Mirje, and the All Saints Garden in Žale Cemetery.[14] |
See also
[編集]References
[編集]- ^ “The World Heritage Convention”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 27 August 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。21 September 2010閲覧。
- ^ “Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 1 February 2021時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。3 February 2021閲覧。
- ^ a b c “Slovenia”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 13 January 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ a b “Škocjan Caves”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 6 December 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ a b “Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 26 February 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ a b “Heritage of Mercury. Almadén and Idrija”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 16 December 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ a b “Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (7 July 2017). 2 March 2012時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ “UNESCO World Heritage Centre The Criteria for Selection”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 12 June 2016時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。17 August 2018閲覧。
- ^ “UNESCO World Heritage Centre Tentative Lists”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 20 July 2017時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ “Fuzina Hills in Bohinj”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 21 March 2020時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ “Franja Partisan Hospital”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 October 2015). 4 December 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ “Classic Karst”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (25 November 2015). 14 September 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ “The Walk of Peace from the Alps to the Adriatic – Heritage of the First World War”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (12 February 2016). 28 October 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。
- ^ “The timeless, humanistic architecture of Jože Plečnik”. UNESCO World Heritage Centre (20 August 2018). 14 September 2019時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。26 December 2019閲覧。