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Burgh Island is a small tidal island on the coast of South Devon in England near the small seaside village of Bigbury-on-Sea. There are several buildings on the island, the largest being the Art Deco Burgh Island Hotel. The other buildings are three private houses, and a public house, the Pilchard Inn, run by the hotel.
歴史
[編集]Archaeological discovery of tin ingots at the River Erme estuary wreck[1] such that the local area was a significant tin trading port in ancient times ; it is unclear whether the ingots date from the Iron Age or Sub-Roman periods, however this discovery so close to Burgh Island has drawn comparisons with Diodorus Siculus 1C BCE text, more often associated with St Michaels Mount in Cornwall:
Though the early history of the island is unclear, however it is mentioned in early records and on maps as St Michael's Island. Later the name changed to Borough Island, eventually being corrupted to Burgh. As late as 1947 an Ordnance Survey map [2] refers to the island as Borough Island. In 1908 a postcard produced by Stengel & Co Ltd of London [3] referred to it as Burr Island. A map published in 1765 shows "Borough or Bur Isle".[4]
It is believed a monastery was established on the island, most of the remains of which may lie beneath the current hotel. The ancient Pilchard Inn may have started life as the guest lodgings for the monastery.[要出典]
A small, perhaps transient, population of fishermen occupied the island following the dissolution of the monastery, specialising in pilchard fishing[要出典]. There are the remains of a chapel atop the island, which later became a "huers hut" — a place where fishermen would make a "hue and cry" call to inform other fishermen of shoals of pilchards.[5] During this period smuggling, wrecking and piracy were common, benefiting from a natural barrier for half the day.[要出典]
Fears of German landing forces using the island as a beachhead during World War II resulted in the area's fortification with anti-tank defences and two pillboxes, positioned on both sides of the causeway. An observation post was also established on the summit to monitor the coastline.[要出典]
ホテル
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Burgh Island is well-known today as the location of a restored 1920s Art Deco-style hotel.
Notable visitors
[編集]Transport
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Footpaths
[編集]The island has an extensive network of footpaths and the owner until 2003 was a keen hiker who welcomed walkers. The new owners, however, erected signs closing footpaths and obtained an exemption from the public "rights to roam" enabled in the Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000. The exemption was overturned, except for the routes closest to the hotel, in 2006.[6]
References
[編集]- ^ [1][リンク切れ]
- ^ Ordnance Survey Sheet 20/64 Scale 1:25,000 1947
- ^ Stengel & Co Ltd, London EC; card reference E32111; The Warren from Burr Island
- ^ Donn, Benjamin (1765年). “A map of the county of Devon, 1765. Section SX64.”. Devon Libraries Local Studies Service. Devon County Council. 2009年6月18日閲覧。
- ^ “Burgh Island Galleries”. The BBC. 2009年4月15日閲覧。
- ^ Staff writer (2 December 2006). “Walkers are free to use island paths”. Western Morning News: p. 30
Category:イングランドの地形 Category:デヴォンの地理 Category:ブリテン諸島 en:Burgh island