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A regional theater, or resident theater, in the United States is a professional or semi-professional theater company that produces its own seasons. The term regional theater most often refers to a professional theater outside of New York City. A regional theater may be a non-profit, commercial, union, or non-union house.

通例

地域の劇場は、多くの場合、必ずしもブロードウェイの生産に必要な商業魅力を持っていない新しい演劇と挑戦的な作品を制作します。企業は多くの場合、古典的なドラマ、人気喜劇およびミュージカルから彼らのシーズンは始まります。 多くの場合古典的なドラマでシーズンをしめる。 有名なコメディ, そして演劇、 いくつかの地域の劇場は忠実でくることが予想可能なお客の基盤をもっている。which can give the company latitude to experiment with a range of unknown or "non-commercial" works. In 2003, Time magazine praised regional theaters in general, and some top theaters in particular, for their enrichment of the theater culture in the United States. Some regional theaters serve as the "out of town tryout" for Broadway-bound shows, and some will even accept touring broadway shows, though those more typically play at commercial road houses.

地域の劇場で上演されている演劇の種類によって大きく異なります。. いくつかは古典に捧げている, ほかの人々は新しいもののみを制作する, or American work, or something else entirely, depending on the vision of the organization's leadership as well as its founding charter.

Many regional theaters operate at least two stages: a main stage for shows requiring larger sets or cast, and one or more other stages (often studio theaters or black box theaters) for smaller, more experimental or avant-garde productions. In addition to box-office revenue, regional theaters rely on donations from patrons and businesses, season ticket subscriptions, and grants from foundations and government. Some have criticized regional theaters for being conservative in their selection of shows to accommodate the demographics of their subscribers and donors. However, regional theaters are often much more experimental than that commercial theaters that rely solely on ticket sales. The LORT theaters represent the not-for-profit theaters in the country that pay wages to artists. Due to audience feedback, artistic staff, and a theater's history, each theater may develop its own reputation both in its city and nationally.

Some regional theaters commit to developing new works and premiering new plays. Theaters that develop new work, like Long Wharf Theatre, La Jolla Playhouse, McCarter Theatre and Berkeley Repertory Theatre, often work to move their productions to Broadway venues in New York. They also educate young audiences through educational outreach programs that teach the basics of the dramatic arts. Cooperative programs with nearby university theater programs are also common at regional theaters. For example, the Asolo Repertory Theatre is a member of LORT and partners with Florida State University in operating the Florida State University/Asolo Conservatory for Actor Training.

The two major organizations that help to maintain the general welfare of resident theater in the United States are the League of Resident Theatres(LORT) and the Theatre Communications Group(TCG). These organizations encourage communication and good relations between their members and in the community, as well as promoting a larger public interest and support of regional theater.

There are currently 74 LORT theaters located in every major U.S. market, including 29 states and the District of Columbia. LORT acts on behalf of its members in matters pertaining, but not limited to; collective bargaining with unions such as Actors’ Equity Association, United Scenic Artists, and the Society of Stage Directors and Choreographers, representation before government agencies on problems of labor relations, and the handling of disputes between members and their employees or union representatives.

Similar in purpose is the Theatre Communications Group. TCG’s mission is to “increase the organizational efficiency of our member theatres, cultivate and celebrate the artistic talent and achievements of the field, and promote a larger public understanding of and appreciation for the theatre.” TCG’s constituency has grown to encompass more than 460 members throughout the United States. Members benefit from opportunities to receive grants, attend various workshops and conferences, and gain insight into the not-for-profit industry through research. TCG also publishes the American Theatre Magazine, the ARTSEARCH online employment bulletin, and dramatic literature.

In recognition of the importance of regional theaters in America, the American Theatre Wing gives a Regional Theatre Tony Award to one regional theater each year during the Tony Awards.

ほとんどの演劇運動

20世紀の20,30年間のあいダ、ブロードウェイにおいて保守的なイデオロギーから逃れるような動きがあった。ref>"Composing Ourselves": The Little Theatre Movement and the American Audience. By Dorothy Chansky. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2004</ref> This movement, known as the Little Theatre Movement or the Regional Theatre Movement, was started by theater artists who were concerned that not enough emphasis was being put on the expression of individualism and social issues through the dramatic arts. The belief that theater should be about artistry and not about commerce drove this movement out of New York City and into the regions. The decentralization of theater from New York City was a success and almost every major city now has a LORT member theater. The movement altered the face of the American stage and allowed room for new works and new audiences.

Success and controversy in Regional Theater

In 1961 there were only 23 regional theaters in the U.S. at the time that the first national organization of nonprofit theaters was formed. By 2003 the number of regional theaters had grown to 1,800.

Despite this evident success, some critics question if regional theater in the United States is becoming more like the highly "commercial" New York marketplace that many of its proponents set out to get away from. Since the regional theater movement began, there have been questions of how far these theaters will go to stay in business. As non-profits, they rely heavily on donations from patrons and some theaters have been accused of "pandering to the audience", meaning they have subordinated artistic purpose to please their audiences and receive donations. However, nonprofit theaters are under substantially less pressure than the commercial theaters that must sell millions of dollars worth of tickets to break even on a show, and thus constantly appeal to the mass market. While it is true that some regional theaters can not base all season decisions purely on their artistic desires and have to consider financial viability, they have much more freedom than commercial theaters. In major markets like New York and Chicago this issue is much less prevalent as there are dozens of small semi-professional theaters that produce new and experimental work without needing to sell many tickets as they do not pay most of their artists.

External links

• Theatre Communications Group
• League of Resident Theatres
• American Association of Community Theatre