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利用者:にょきにょき/sandbox/ふね

座標: 北緯32度38分28秒 東経33度34分02秒 / 北緯32.64113度 東経33.56727度 / 32.64113; 33.56727

ガザ自由船団（緑色）とイスラエル軍（橙色）の動向

ガザ支援船団拿捕事件（ガザしえんせんだんだほじけん）とは、ガザ地区に人道支援物資を運び入れようとしたガザ自由船団の船舶6隻をイスラエル軍が拿捕した事件である。事件は2010年5月31日に地中海の国際水域で起こり、イスラエル軍が船に乗り込む際に武力衝突が起こり、ガザ自由船団の活動家9名が死亡したほか、双方に負傷者を出すこととなった。さらに、2014年には長い間昏睡状態にあった乗組員が死亡し、死者は10名となっている。この事件は国際的な批判を引き起こし、またトルコ・イスラエル間の外交関係を著しく悪化させた。国連事務総長の潘基文が発足させたパルマー委員会の報告書では、活動家の性質・目的に問題があったとし、イスラエル側についても過剰な暴力であったことを認定した。国際刑事裁判所による捜査も行われたが、2014年11月に訴追を見送る判断が下されている。

概要

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パレスチナはヨルダン川西岸地区とガザ地区に分断されており、このうちガザ地区はイスラエルがテロリストとみなすハマースが支配する地域であった。2007年にガザ政府が誕生するとエジプトとイスラエルは国境を封鎖した。この封鎖を突破し人道支援物資を届けようとする団体が現れ、2008年8月にはガザ地区に到達し物資を届けることに成功している[1][2]。

ガザ自由船団は「自由ガザ運動（Free Gaza Movement）」とトルコの「人権・自由・人道支援財団（İnsan Hak ve Hürriyetleri ve İnsani Yardım Vakfı、İHH)」によって組織された人道支援団体であり、イスラエルのガザ封鎖を破り、人道支援物資を運び入れようとしていた。2010年5月31日イスラエル海軍特殊部隊Shayetet 13は船団をアシュドッド港に拘引して臨検するため、ボート[3]とヘリコプターから旗艦であるトルコ船マヴィ・マルマラ号に乗り込んだ。イスラエルが提出した報告書によれば、590名の乗客のうち大半は温和な活動家であったが「強硬派」（hardcore group）と呼ばれた İHHの活動家たちも40名ほどおり、彼らは鉄パイプとナイフで武装しイスラエル海軍に抵抗してきたという[4][5][6]。戦闘行為の結果8名のトルコ人と1名のトルコ系アメリカ人が死亡、多数の負傷者が出た。また、2014年5月23日には4年間昏睡状態であった乗組員が死亡し、死者は10名となった[7]。後に派遣された国際連合人権理事会の調査団によれば、死亡した活動家は全員射殺されており、「少なくとも6名の殺害に関しては超法規的かつ一方的にその場の判断で殺害されている」としている[8][9]。イスラエル軍にも10名の負傷者が出ており、うち1名は重傷である[6][10]。

イスラエル政府は乗組員の一部は挑発ないしはメディア向けのパフォーマンスを行ってきたと主張している[11]。ニューヨーク・タイムズのある編集者は「マヴィ・マルマラ号にいた活動家の何名かは武力衝突を望んでいたし、実際にそうなった」と述べている[12]。

船団の残り5隻では抵抗は非暴力的なものにとどまり、死者が出るような事態は起こらなかった。船は全てイスラエルに拘引され、直ちに強制送還されたものもいたが600名以上の活動家は強制送還に同意せず、留置された。留置された者の中には起訴が予定されていた者もいた。国際的な批判が強まるとこれらの活動家たちは皆強制送還された[13][14]。

この事件は国際的な批判を引き起こし、またトルコ・イスラエル間の外交関係を著しく悪化させた。結果的にイスラエルはガザ地区の封鎖を緩和することになった。活動家は解放されたものの、事件の証拠となるカメラなどは押収されたままである[15]。

2010年9月に提出された国際連合人権理事会の報告書では、封鎖そのものが違法であり、イスラエル側がとった行動について、国際人道法の比例原則を逸脱した不均衡で許容できない残虐な行為であり、殺意があったことを認定した。この報告書は賛成30反対1棄権15票で採択された。イスラエルは報告書は偏向しており一方的なものであると受け入れを拒絶した[8][16]。アメリカ合衆国は報告書の論調、内容、結論に対し懸念を表明し、EUは国際連合事務総長の調査に移行すべきだと主張した[17][18]。

国連事務総長の潘基文は2010年8月に国連人権理事会の調査と並行してジェフリ・パルマーを委員長とする調査委員会を発足させると発表した。パルマー報告書はイスラエルとトルコの和解交渉のため公表が延期され、2011年9月2日になってようやく公表された。報告書ではイスラエルのガザ封鎖は合法であり、船団を組織した者、特にİHHの行動、性質、目的に深刻な問題があったとしている[19]。ただし、イスラエルの行為についても、イスラエル軍が国際水域上で行使した力は過剰であり、マヴィ・マルマラ号において行使した武力についても過剰で許容されないと結論づけている[20]。勾留した乗組員の扱いについても国際人権法に違反していると述べている[20]。

イスラエルはこの事件についてトルコに2000万ドルの賠償金を申し出た[21]。2013年3月22日にイスラエル首相のベンヤミン・ネタニヤフとトルコ首相のレジェップ・タイイップ・エルドアンの間で30分ほどの電話会談が持たれ、ネタニヤフはこの事件について謝罪を行った。エルドアンはこの謝罪を受け入れ、両者は賠償などについて取り組むことに合意した[22][23]。2014年4月時点では2国間においていくつかの点で合意はなされたものの未だ完全な解決には至っていない[24][25]。

2013年5月には国際刑事裁判所に事件が付託され捜査が始まったが[26]、2014年11月にこの事件を戦争犯罪として訴追することは見送られている[27]。

船団

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トルコとパレスチナの国旗を船体側面に飾るマヴィ・マルマラ号の写真
船団の旗艦マヴィ・マルマラ号

ガザ自由船団は「自由ガザ運動」とトルコの「人権・自由・人道支援財団」(İHH)によって組織された。船団はイスラエルの海上封鎖を突破し、人道支援物資と仮設住宅用の建設資材を届けることを目的としていた[28][29]。これは初の試みというわけではなく以前にも8回試みられ、うち5回は支援物資を届けることに成功している[30]。イスラエル政府は人道支援物資を届けるには陸上からが最もふさわしいと考えており、船団に対し陸上からガザ地区に入るよう要請した。この要求は拒否され、また掩蔽壕の材料となる建設物資を運び入れようとしていることから、イスラエル政府は船団は支援物資を届けることを第一の目的としておらず、ハマースと結託した政治的なプロパガンダを目的としているのではないかとの見解を、事件前の5月24日に示している[31]。

船団は2010年5月30日にキプロスの港からガザに向けて進水した[32]。8隻のうち2隻は機械的なトラブルで出発が遅れることになった[33]。イスラエルは過去にパレスチナ船に破壊工作をしており（元大雪丸）、今回のトラブルに関してもイスラエル工作員の関与が疑われている[34][35]。

構成

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船団は3隻の客船と3隻の貨物船で構成されていた[36][37]。

  • チャレンジャーⅠ、アメリカ合衆国船籍、ガザ自由運動
  • エレフセリ・メソジオス、ギリシャ船籍
  • スフェンドニ、トーゴ船籍
  • マヴィ・マルマラ、コモロ船籍、İHH
  • Gazze、トルコ船籍、İHH
  • Defne Y、キリバス船籍、İHH

船団の6隻のうちチャレンジャーⅠ、スフェンドニ、マヴィ・マルマラは乗員とその私物しか載せておらず、支援物資は積載されていなかった[36]。過去8回の船団における乗員は合計で140名であったのに対し、今回の船団ではマヴィ・マルマラ号1隻で600名以上を乗せていた[38]。残りの3隻には2000万ドル相当の1万トンの支援物資が積み込まれていた[39]。

襲撃

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ハイファに停泊中のイスラエル海軍ハニト
ハイファに停泊中のイスラエル海軍 Nitzachon

午後9時を少し回った頃、イスラエル海軍のサール5型コルベットラハブ、ハニトとサール4型ミサイル艇 Nitzachon の3隻は自由船団を拿捕するためハイファの港を出発した。3隻の艦艇にはモーターボート、ヘリコプター（UH-60 ブラックホーク）が積み込まれ、特殊部隊 Shayetet 13 の隊員71名が乗り込んでいた。

イスラエル海軍は5月30日午後11時ごろ、船団がガザから240キロメートルほどの海上にあったときに初めてコンタクトをとり、船団に対し、軍に従ってアシュドッド港に行くか、乗船させるよう要求した[40][41]。

Shayetet 13の隊員は作戦行動の一ヶ月前から訓練を実施しており、50名の兵士を活動家に見立て、水上で船を奪取する訓練も行われていた。イスラエル海軍はこの訓練をビリン村の抵抗運動のようなものを意図したものだと説明した[42]。事件の目撃者であり、イスラエル軍側で取材を行っていたジャーナリストのロン・ベン＝イシャイは、「作戦としては、船に兵士を降ろした後、ブリッジに突入し制御を奪う予定であり、乗員が多少の抵抗をしてくることは想定されていた。」と語る[43]。兵士たちはペイントボールの銃とスタングレネード、テーザーおよび副武装として自動拳銃を装備していた[44][45]。抵抗者に対しては、平和的に抵抗を諦めさせるよう命令を受けていた。もし上手くいかない場合でも、非致死性兵器を使用して船を確保するように命令されていた。副武装である自動拳銃は自分たちの命が危ぶまれる緊急時にのみ使用することとなっていた[40][46]。

イスラエル海軍の司令官エリエゼル・マロムが作戦前に行ったブリーフィングでは、船団の乗員に危害を与えず、プロらしく振舞うよう訓示された。また、乗員がタバコを投げつける、唾を吐きかけるなどの行為をとる可能性があるが、これらの行為に反応せず、兵士としてプロ意識を持って行動するよう訓示した[47]

イスラエル海軍はマヴィ・マルマラ号の船長であるTural Mahmutに「マヴィ・マルマラ号に告ぐ。貴船は海上封鎖中の敵地へ近づいている。ガザの海岸近辺およびガザ港における海上交通は全て封鎖されている。イスラエル政府は支援物資の搬送に協力することを述べると共に、貴船のアシュドッド港への入港を勧告する。物資の搬送は政府の規則に従い、国境検問所であなた方の監視下で行われ、その後貴船は母港に帰港することとなる。」と無線連絡を行った。直後に、3隻の軍艦が船団を追走し始めた。2隻が距離を置きながら、船団の両側面につき、ヘリコプターが上空を旋回した[48]。

「マヴィ・マルマラ号の監視カメラに写る、イスラエル軍への攻撃準備をする活動家たち」 - イスラエル国防軍によるキャプション[49]

襲撃から5日後、イスラエル国防軍（IDF）はイスラエル軍と船団の間で取り交わされたとされる音声を公開した。音声ではイスラエル軍が封鎖域に近づいていることを警告すると「アウシュビッツへ帰れ」「9/11を忘れたか」などの返答が帰ってきたという[50]。チャレンジャーⅠ号の船長であったデニス・ヒーリーと、自由ガザ運動の代表であり艦橋にいたHuwaida Arrafは、このような音声を聞いたことが無いとして信憑性に疑義を呈している[51]。またイスラエルはオープンチャンネルによる音声のため、どの船から寄せられた音声なのかは分からないとしている[52]。IDFの船に乗船していたジャーナリストは、このような通信があったことを認めている[text 1]。

イスラエル軍による襲撃の前、İHH代表のFehmi Bülent Yıldırımは、イスラエルが兵員を差し向けたことを乗員に伝え「兵士を海に投げ入れ、全世界の笑いものにしてやろう」と演説した[53]。

ヘブライ語の頭文字をもってMalamとも呼ばれる民間組織ではあるが、政府の諜報関連組織の非公式部門として広く認知されているIntelligence and Terrorism Information Centerは[54]、活動家たちはイスラエル兵を攻撃する意図があったことと、これに関してトルコ政府が関与していることを公表した。報告によれば、活動家のほとんどは乗船時にセキュリティチェックを受けていたが、40名からなるİHHの「戦闘員」は事前に乗船しセキュリティチェックを受けていなかったという。İHH代表のFehmi Bülent Yıldırımが彼らに指示した内容は、あらゆる手段を使ってイスラエル兵を船に侵入させないことだったという。また活動家のコンピューターから見つかったファイルや証言によれば、トルコ首相のレジェップ・タイイップ・エルドアンが船団形成に関与したという[54][55]。

The IDF identified a group of some 50 men who were responsible for attacking IDF soldiers. The members of this group were not carrying identity cards or passports, but each carried an envelope with some $10,000 in cash. The Israeli defense establishment suspected that the funding may have come from elements in the Turkish government. One member of the group, who was identified as its ringleader, travelled to Bursa to recruit members. The members were stationed in groups throughout the ship, mostly on the upper deck, and communicated with each other via walkie-talkies. The members were well-trained and equipped with gas masks and bulletproof vests.[56]

The Mavi Maramara activists were divided into two groups, "peace activists" and a "hardcore group".[57][5] Video footage shows the "hardcore group" activists prepared before the raid, praying together while wearing uniforms, taking their gas masks and makeshift weapons, and getting into position.[58] Activists dressed in protective clothing from construction materials.[59]

Mavi Marmara boarding

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Mavi Marmara passengers hit IDF soldiers with metal rods.

The boarding of the Mavi Marmara started in the early morning at 4:30 IST. The operation began with an attempt to board the ship from speedboats. As the boats approached, activists fired water hoses at them, and pelted them with a variety of objects. The Israelis replied with paintballs and stun grenades. One stun grenade was picked up and tossed back into a boat. When the commandos tried boarding the ship, activists cut the ladders with electric disc saws. The boats then turned slightly away from the ship, but remained close.[60][61]

The IDF then sent in a Black Hawk helicopter with a 15-man assault team on board.[60][62][63] According to the IDF, the commandos fired warning shots and dropped stun grenades prior to abseiling onto the ship.[64] The UNHRC report on the incident concluded that the Israeli soldiers were firing live rounds from the helicopter before they landed anyone on the ship.[65] Passengers reported gunfire, blue flares and deafening noise from the first helicopter at this time.[66][67] Al Jazeera journalist Jamal Elshayyal stated that he saw one man shot in the head and others wounded.[68] Robert Mackey of The New York Times suggested that the passengers on the ship may have mistaken flash grenades and paintball guns for deadly weapons, which enraged them.[69] Activists and crew members used gas masks.[text 2]

A rope was dropped from the helicopter onto the ship, but three activists seized it and tied it to the deck.[70] A second rope was dropped and the soldiers abseiled onto the deck. Each soldier was met with a team of resisting activists, throwing them off balance and assaulting them with makeshift weapons.[71][72] The IDF also reported that a firebomb was thrown at soldiers. Meanwhile, the Israeli commandos responded with their less-lethal weaponry and attempted to physically fight off activists.

Three Israeli commandos were captured. The first captured soldier, the commanding officer of the assault team, was abseiling from the helicopter when he was attacked by ten men before his feet hit the deck. He was beaten across his body and head, then picked up and thrown to the lower deck, where he was attacked by a dozen activists. They beat and choked him, removed his bulletproof vest and sidearm and smashed his helmet, and shoved him into a passenger hall below deck. The second soldier was surrounded by a team of fifteen to twenty activists in two groups. One group attacked him when he landed on the ship's roof. He fired one shot at an activist holding a knife before being subdued.[73] The activists seized his gun and beat him as he attempted to fight them off with his back to the hull. He was picked up by his arms and legs, and thrown over the hull. He attempted to hang on to the hull with both hands, but was forced to let go when activists beat his hands and pulled him down by his legs. He was then surrounded by another group of activists, stabbed in the stomach and dragged into a lounge while being beaten. A third soldier who was lowered onto the deck saw an activist waiting to attack him with an iron crowbar. After shoving him away, he was attacked by four more activists, one of whom wrapped a chain around his neck and choked him until he lost consciousness. He was then thrown onto the bridge deck, where he was attacked by about twenty activists, who beat him, cut away his equipment, and dragged him into the lounge.[74] The three soldiers were severely wounded and bleeding heavily. Two of the soldiers had their hands tied, and a third was unconscious and went into convulsions. During their captivity, they were subjected to physical and verbal abuse, and photographed and filmed. One of the soldiers claimed that he was beaten after he began moving and yelling that one of the soldiers needed a doctor, and another said that he was placed onto a couch, beaten, and threatened that he would be beaten every time he moved.[75] Although radical activists attempted to harm them further, more moderate passengers intervened and protected the soldiers.[76] Two were given water and one with a severe stomach wound was given a gauze pad. Hasan Huseyin Uysal, a Turkish doctor, cleaned the blood off their faces and tended to facial cuts.[77]

Activists throw a stun grenade into an IDF speedboat
Slingshots found Aboard the Mavi Marmara

Israel and the flotilla activists disagreed over whether guns seized from the captive soldiers were used by the activists.[78] Commandos reported that at least two of the captive soldiers had their sidearms wrested away, and that there was live fire against them at a later stage.[79][80][81] According to the IDF, activists also used firearms that they brought along with them, as investigators found bullet casings not matching IDF-issued guns. The IDF reported that the second soldier to descend from the first helicopter was shot in the stomach,[82] and another soldier was shot in the knee. IDF Chief of Staff Gabi Ashkenazi said that activists also seized three stun grenades from soldiers.[83]

After the third soldier was thrown from the roof, the commandos requested and received permission to use live fire.[73][84] The soldiers then opened fire with pistols, and activists dispersed to the front and back of the roof after taking casualties. An IDF medical officer on board located a secure spot, and oversaw treatment of injured soldiers. A second helicopter carrying 12 soldiers arrived over the ship. As the helicopter approached, activists attacked the IDF commandos, who repulsed them with gunshots aimed at their legs. At the same time, the speedboats trailing the ship approached again. They were met with a barrage of objects, including iron balls from slingshots, and allegedly with a burst of gunfire, forcing the boats to pull back again.[85][86]

Soldiers from the second helicopter successfully slid down and moved to gain control of the front of the roof and secure the lower decks. Passengers attacked them, and were dispersed with shots fired towards their legs. The first attempt to secure the lower decks was met with violent resistance, allegedly including live fire. Shortly afterward, a third helicopter arrived, carrying 14 soldiers. They successfully abseiled onto the ship, and the commander from the third helicopter met up with the commander from the second helicopter, after which the forces began moving towards the ship's bridge. They were attacked twice by activists, and responded with gunfire. The commandos reached the bridge after thirty minutes, and took command. Upon orders from the soldiers, the captain instructed all activists to enter their cabins. At this stage, most of the activists assembled on the sides of the ship retreated into the hull. The speedboats approached for a third time, and most of the remaining activists again hurled objects at the boats. Soldiers inside the boats then opened fire, taking careful aim to hit the resisting passengers and forcing the activists to disperse, enabling the soldiers to board from ladders. The soldiers were met with resistance, and responded with live fire. They managed to fight their way to the roof, where they met up with the rest of the force.[60][87] An assessment was made, and three soldiers were found to be missing. A force was prepared to rush the passenger halls and locate the soldiers. According to the IDF, soldiers spotted activists escorting the three captive soldiers onto the deck. One of the captive soldiers claimed that the activist guarding him waved to one of the IDF naval vessels to show that they were holding Israeli soldiers. At that point, he elbowed the activist in the ribs and jumped into the water, although the guard tried to hold him back. A second soldier also jumped into the water, while the third remained unconscious on the deck. IDF soldiers dispersed the activists with non-lethal weapons, and rescued the unconscious soldier, while the two soldiers in the water were picked up by the speedboats.[88][84][89] According to some accounts by activists and journalists, the captive soldiers were released after negotiations mediated by Haneen Zoabi, in which the IDF agreed to airlift the wounded in exchange for their release.[42][77][90][68]

The passengers were taken one-by-one from their cabins and searched on deck. Some were handcuffed and forced to kneel for hours. Women, elderly men, and western nationals were temporarily handcuffed or uncuffed shortly afterward and allowed to sit on benches. During the course of the journey to Ashdod port, passengers were brought inside and allowed to sit down. According to the UNHRC fact-finding mission, passengers were subject to various forms of abuse.[91]

IDF Lieutenant-General Gabi Ashkenazi testified to Israel's Turkel Commission that the IDF had fired 308 live rounds and about 350 bean bag rounds and paintballs. An aide to the general said that 70 of these shots were aimed to cause injury, while the others would have been warning shots. IDF Major-General Giora Eiland said that the IDF had found evidence of four instances of soldiers coming under fire from activists, and that in at least one case, the fire came from weapons that were not stolen from commandos.[60][84]

Sfendoni boarding

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The operation to take the Sfendoni took place at the same time as the boarding of the Mavi Marmara. The Sfendoni attempted to evade Israeli naval vessels. According to one soldier, the ship attempted to run down his vessel, and chased it after it evaded, but the IDF vessel made a sharp turn and positioned itself behind it.[92] Speedboats approached the ship, and soldiers climbed onto the ship from ladders after firing plastic bullets, paintballs, and stun grenades. Some soldiers were shoved down a ladder onto the lower deck, where a group of passengers scuffled with soldiers, and an attempt was made to take a soldiers' weapon.[92] Once on board, the soldiers advanced towards the bridge. A number of activists formed a human chain to block them, and the Israelis responded with electric shocks.[93]

Retired diplomat Edward Peck, who was on board the Sfendoni, said that the commandos were well-trained, and behaved reasonably well. When two soldiers entered the bridge, an activist grabbed the wheel tightly and protested that the boat was in international waters. A scuffle then ensued between soldiers and a few activists. The soldiers used physical force, electric shocks, and stun grenades to gain control, but there were no major injuries.[93][94][95] Paul Larudee, a 64-year-old former linguistics professor from El Cerrito, California, on board the Sfendoni, was beaten and tased according to his family, who said that Israeli consular officials informed them that Larudee, a pacifist, was beaten after refusing to follow the orders of troops.[96][97]

When the boat was under Israeli control, activists were made to sit down and restrained with plastic ties. One man who complained that the plastic ties were too tight had them removed, then ran and jumped overboard, and was picked up by another boat. Passengers were searched one-by-one and then taken to the main salon. They were allowed to prepare food, but refused to eat until an IDF cameraman ceased filming them.[93]

Free Mediterranean boarding

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Swedish author Henning Mankell reported that the capture of the Free Mediterranean took place about an hour after the raid on the Mavi Marmara.[98] Israeli soldiers boarded the ship from three speedboats, and managed to bypass barbed wire that had been placed around the ship. The passengers formed a human ring on the bridge to block the soldiers, and Israeli troops responded by using physical force, electric shocks, plastic and rubber bullets, paintballs, and tear gas.[99][98][100][101] A reporter for the German newspaper Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung wrote that Israeli soldiers approached passengers with guns drawn and tasered a 65-year-old person from a distance of ten centimeters.[text 3] All of the passengers were handcuffed and subjected to body searches and had their passports confiscated. Those who refused to cooperate were reportedly met with physical force.[99]

Challenger 1 boarding

[編集]

The Challenger 1 accelerated its course in an attempt to allow journalists on board to broadcast their photos of the ongoing raid.[102] The ship was intercepted by two Israeli speedboats and a helicopter, and carried out evasion tactics, forcing the Israelis to pursue it for a considerable distance.[103] According to passengers, at least one stun grenade was launched at the Challenger 1 before it was boarded. Passengers on the decks formed a human chain to block the path of the troops. Soldiers opened fire with paintball guns and rubber and plastic bullets as they boarded the vessel, lightly injuring two female demonstrators.[104] Once on board, the Israelis moved towards the fly bridge. The soldiers encountered verbal abuse, and attempts were made to shove soldiers. Some activists barricaded themselves in cabins.[103] Activist Huwaida Arraf reported that Israeli soldiers attacked those who tried to block them with kicks, tasers, and concussion grenades,[94] and that some people were beaten so severely that they had to be hospitalized.[105] Arraf said that the Israelis smashed her face against the ground and stepped on it, and that they later handcuffed her and put a bag over her head.[106] Another woman similarly had a bag placed over her head.[93] First mate Shane Dillon reported that Israeli troops broke the nose of a Belgian woman and beat another passenger.[102] Australian photojournalist Kate Geraghty was tasered while attempting to photograph the raid.[102] Upon entering the bridge, the troops were met with no resistance.[104]

Passengers were handcuffed with plastic ties.[104] Activist Huwaida Arraf reported that Israeli troops confiscated communication equipment, cameras and memory cards.[107] Upon entering Ashdod port, several passengers joined hands and refused to disembark, protesting that they had been brought to Israel against their will from international waters. Two female passengers were handcuffed and forcibly removed, while a male passenger was threatened with a taser.[93]

Gazze 1 boarding

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The Gazze 1 was boarded by soldiers from speedboats. Passengers and crew on board offered no resistance, and the ship was commandeered without incident. Passengers were ordered onto the deck while dogs searched the ship, and were later taken to the dining hall and body-searched. They were not handcuffed, and provided with food during the journey to Ashdod.[99]

Defne Y boarding

[編集]

Israeli commandos abseiled from a helicopter onto the Defne Y. The ship's crane had been positioned in such a way as to make it hard or impossible to abseil onto the deck, forcing troops to descend directly to the roof.[103] Soldiers met no physical resistance as they secured the ship, but reportedly encountered verbal abuse. Passengers cooperated with the soldiers, were not handcuffed, and kept in their cabins during the trip to Ashdod. An İHH cameraman on board the Defne Y claimed to have been beaten and interrogated for five hours over a hidden videotape.[99]

References

[編集]
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  102. ^ a b c Needham, Kirsty; Mahar, Jessica (3 June 2010). “I was 'Tasered' by Israelis, says Herald photographer”. Sydney Morning Herald. http://www.smh.com.au/world/i-was-tasered-by-israelis-says-herald-photographer-20100602-wzv3.html?autostart=1 2 June 2010閲覧。 
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  104. ^ a b c UNHRC report 2010, p. 32.
  105. ^ “'We'll be Back – With Bigger Flotillas'”. Ipsnews.net. (8 June 2010). http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=51753 3 April 2011閲覧。 
  106. ^ “Eyewitnesses recount Israel flotilla raid”. CNN. (1 June 2010). http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/06/01/gaza.raid.eyewitnesses/index.html?hpt=T1 2 September 2011閲覧。 
  107. ^ “Aussie photographer Kate Geraghty 'Tasered during flotilla raid'”. Herald Sun (Australia). (2 June 2010). http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/aussie-photographer-kate-geraghty-tasered-during-flotilla-raid/story-e6frf7jx-1225874687012 2 June 2010閲覧。 
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