English: Schematic representation of the “oxidative-reduction” heterogeneous ECL mechanisms for the couple Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA ECL generation obtained only by TPrA oxidation and involving the homogeneous reaction of the radical cation (TPrA°+), as proposed by Bard. The luminophore in the excited state Ru2+* relaxes to the ground state and emits a photon. Inset image of electrode surface during an ECL emission