スフィンゴモナス科
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 スフィンゴモナス・ファイロスファエラエ（Sphingomonas phyllosphaerae）のコロニー
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| Sphingomonadaceae Kosako et al. 2000[1] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2000[2]) | |||||||||||||||
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| スフィンゴモナス属 Sphingomonas 薮内英子ら, 1990[3] (IJSEMリストに掲載 1990[4]) 修正 Takeuchi et al. 1993[5] 修正 Feng et al. 2017[6] (IJSEMリストに掲載 2017[7]) | |||||||||||||||
| 下位分類（属）[37] | |||||||||||||||
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スフィンゴモナス科（ーか、Sphingomonadaceae）は真正細菌プロテオバクテリア門アルファプロテオバクテリア綱スフィンゴモナス目の科の一つである。
グラム陰性細菌である。重要の特徴は、細胞壁の外層にスフィンゴ脂質、主に2'-ヒドロキシミリストル ジヒドロスフィンゴシン 1-グルクロン酸（SGL-1）が存在することである[38][39]。多形性であり他の形状を示すことがあり、時間の経過とともにその形状を変化させる。いくつかの種は、バイオフィルムの主要な形成者である[40][41][42]。
栄養性
[編集]スフィンゴモナス科のほとんどの種は従属栄養性であるが[43]、一部は光栄養性である
機能
[編集]スフィンゴモナス科のいくつかの種は、ある種の芳香族化合物を分解することが知られており、バイオレメディエーションといった環境浄化技術に利用できないか研究されている[44]。
スフィンゴモナス科細菌の属、スフィンゴビウム属、ノボスフィンゴビウム属、スフィンゴピクシス属などは多様な代謝能力を持つ故に、ビスフェノールAの存在下に適応し、生存することができる。スフィンゴモナス科のメンバーが豊富に存在する微生物群集は、ビスフェノールAを一定の速度で分解する[45]。
一部のスフィンゴモナス属菌種は、特定の粘度を持つ一種の細胞外多糖であるスフィンガンを合成できる。この特性の為にスフィンガンは食品や医薬品といった産業に利用することができる[46][43]。
分布
[編集]スフィンゴモナス科細菌は様々な環境、例えば水圏[41]、土壌[47][48] 及び沈澱土砂[43][10]に分布する。
系統樹
[編集]現在の分類体系はList of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclatureに従い、下記の系統樹は全ゲノム解析結果に基づく[8][注釈 1]。
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人間や植物への影響
[編集]スフィンゴモナス科のいくつかの種は、人間に関わりのある環境、飲料用水道[49][41]、病院及び家庭の水道[50]、並びに医療器具などに一般的に存在する[51][52][53]。
スフィンゴモナス科の種のほとんどは人間や植物に対して有害ではないとされている[43]。いくつかの種は病原体は、Thielaviopsis basicola（レタス黒根病菌）やRhizoctonia solani（テンサイ根腐病菌）といった病原体から植物を防護することがある[43][48][47][54]。
スフィンゴモナス属（Sphingomonas）とスフィンゴビウム属（Sphingobium）は、ノボスフィンゴビウム属（Novosphingobium）、スフィンゴピクシス属（Sphingopyxis）及びブラストモナス属（Blastomonas）と比べて抗微生物薬耐性はより高い傾向にある[55]。
注釈
[編集]- ^ Aestuariisphingobium属、Aquisediminimonas属、Chakrabartia属、Parablastomonas属及びSphingosinithalassobacter属はこの系統樹に記載していない
脚注
[編集]- ^ Yoshimasa Kosako, Eiko Yabuuchi, Takashi Naka, Nagatoshi Fujiwara, Kazuo Kobayashi (14 November 2013). “Proposal of Sphingomonadaceae Fam. Nov., Consisting of Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990, Erythrobacter Shiba and Shimidu 1982, Erythromicrobium Yurkov et al. 1994, Porphyrobacter Fuerst et al. 1993, Zymomonas Kluyver and van Niel 1936, and Sandaracinobacter Yurkov et al. 1997, with the Type Genus Sphingomonas Yabuuchi et al. 1990”. Microbiology and Immunology 44 (7). doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2000.tb02535.x.
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- ^ a b “Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSB”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 40 (3): 320-321. (01 July 1990). doi:10.1099/00207713-40-3-320.
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- ^ a b Guang-Da Feng, Song-Zhen Yang, Xiong Xiong, Hua-Ping Li, Hong-Hui Zhu (01 July 201). “Sphingomonas spermidinifaciens sp. nov., a novel bacterium containing spermidine as the major polyamine, isolated from an abandoned lead–zinc mine and emended descriptions of the genus Sphingomonas and the species Sphingomonas yantingensis and Sphingomonas japonica”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67 (7): 2160-2165. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.001905. PMID 28691655.
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- ^ Kunal Jani, Guang-Da Feng, Hong-Hui Zhu, Om Prakash, Jayashree Bandal, Vinay Rale, Yogesh Shouche, Avinash Sharma (01 August 2019). “Chakrabartia godavariana gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sphingomonadaceae isolated from the Godavari River, India”. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 69 (8): 2452-2458. doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.003512. PMID 31166165.
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