キチェマル

キチェマル (Kiche Maru^[1]) は、1912年（大正元年）9月22日に台風で沈没したとされる日本の蒸気船^[2]。

1,000人以上が死亡した事故にもかかわらず、数か月前に発生したタイタニック号沈没事故によって長い間知られずにいた。日本の南沖で起きた台風による多数の海難事故の1件だったことも影響した^[3]。この事故は迅速に報道されたが、船名について「キエコマル」(Kieko Maru^[4]) 、「ケイコマル」 (Keiko Maru^[5]) 、後に「キッカーマル」 (Kickermaru^[6]^[7]) など情報が錯綜した^[8]^[4]。旅客船「キチェマル」は本州の沖合で発見され、全員が死亡していた^[9]。

という記事がニューヨークタイムズなどに掲載されたが、そのような大きな事故の記事はおろか該当する船の記録さえ、当時の日本の新聞および公的資料には残されていない。この台風は1912年9月22日に室戸岬に上陸し、日本を縦断して各地に死者661名他大きな被害を出した台風であるが、1000人もの死者を出した船の沈没は記録されていない。

出典

^ Corey, Melinda; Ochoa, George (2001). Facts about the 20th century. New York: H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0-8242-0960-5
^ Hendrickson, Robert A. (1992). The Ocean Almanac. London: Hutchinson Reference. p. 278. ISBN 0-09-177355-5. "1912 - Kiche Maru. Over 1,000 were lost on 28 September, when this Japanese steamship sank off the Japanese coast in a storm"
^ McKenna, Robert W. (2003). The Dictionary of Nautical Literacy. Camden, Me: International Marine Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 0-07-141950-0. "Kiche Maru, Japanese Steamship that sank off the coast of Japan in a storm on 28 September 1912, with the loss of more than a thousand lives. News of the tragedy was overshadowed by the loss of the RMS Titanic months before"
^ ^a ^b “Ruin in Wake of Typhoon” (pdf). ニューヨーク・タイムズ: p. 4. (27 September 1912). "The Kieko Maru foundered off Enshu and the whole of her crew and passengers were lost. At Osaka 20,000 houses were ruined and all the breakwaters and the harbor piers were washed away. At Nara the thousand-year-old Kasuga Shrine collapsed into ruins"
^ “Typhoon in Japan”. Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle: p. 1. (24 December 1912). "Of the merchant marine the loss is reported of the Umegaka Maru, a vessel of some 3,000 tons, of the Shimonoseki Fusan Line. The water entered her whilst she was anchored outside Shimonoseki. ... The Keiko Maru Foundered off Nagoya, with 38 men on board ..."
^ Hoffman, Mark S. (1923). The World Almanac and Book of Facts. Newspaper Enterprise Association. p. 167 2008年5月26日閲覧. "1912 Sept. 28. Japanese steamer Kickermaru sunk off coast of Japan: 1,000"
^ Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute. United States Naval Institute. p. 1239
^ “Hurricane Sweeps Japan” (pdf). ニューヨーク・タイムズ: p. 4. (26 September 1912). "A hurricane swept over Japan on the night of Sept. 22. There was much loss of life and heavy damage to property and shipping. All communications are badly interrupted. A torpedo boat and the destroyers Tachibana and Fubuki were sunk in Ise Bay"
^ “Hundreds of People Perish in Typhoon”. The Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin): p. 1. (26 September 1912)

[1] Corey, Melinda; Ochoa, George (2001). Facts about the 20th century. New York: H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0-8242-0960-5

[Hendrickson-2] Hendrickson, Robert A. (1992). The Ocean Almanac. London: Hutchinson Reference. p. 278. ISBN 0-09-177355-5. "1912 - Kiche Maru. Over 1,000 were lost on 28 September, when this Japanese steamship sank off the Japanese coast in a storm"

[McKenna-3] McKenna, Robert W. (2003). The Dictionary of Nautical Literacy. Camden, Me: International Marine Publishing. p. 193. ISBN 0-07-141950-0. "Kiche Maru, Japanese Steamship that sank off the coast of Japan in a storm on 28 September 1912, with the loss of more than a thousand lives. News of the tragedy was overshadowed by the loss of the RMS Titanic months before"

[NYTRUIN-4] “Ruin in Wake of Typhoon” (pdf). ニューヨーク・タイムズ: p. 4. (27 September 1912). "The Kieko Maru foundered off Enshu and the whole of her crew and passengers were lost. At Osaka 20,000 houses were ruined and all the breakwaters and the harbor piers were washed away. At Nara the thousand-year-old Kasuga Shrine collapsed into ruins"

[Otautau-5] “Typhoon in Japan”. Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle: p. 1. (24 December 1912). "Of the merchant marine the loss is reported of the Umegaka Maru, a vessel of some 3,000 tons, of the Shimonoseki Fusan Line. The water entered her whilst she was anchored outside Shimonoseki. ... The Keiko Maru Foundered off Nagoya, with 38 men on board ..."

[Hoffman-6] Hoffman, Mark S. (1923). The World Almanac and Book of Facts. Newspaper Enterprise Association. p. 167 2008年5月26日閲覧. "1912 Sept. 28. Japanese steamer Kickermaru sunk off coast of Japan: 1,000"

[7] Proceedings of the United States Naval Institute. United States Naval Institute. p. 1239

[NYTHURRICANE-8] “Hurricane Sweeps Japan” (pdf). ニューヨーク・タイムズ: p. 4. (26 September 1912). "A hurricane swept over Japan on the night of Sept. 22. There was much loss of life and heavy damage to property and shipping. All communications are badly interrupted. A torpedo boat and the destroyers Tachibana and Fubuki were sunk in Ise Bay"

[Northwestern-9] “Hundreds of People Perish in Typhoon”. The Daily Northwestern (Oshkosh, Wisconsin): p. 1. (26 September 1912)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]