スカ
スカは1960年代にジャマイカで発祥した音楽。後にrocksteady, さらにはレゲエへと発展した。
The sound of the ska was created at Studio One in Kingston, Jamaica, by musical group called the "Skatalites," whom worked with music producer Clement "Coxsone" Dodd. The originators of the ska beat were the drummer, Lloyd Knibb and the bassist Lloyd Brevett.
The music of ska is known for the placement of the accented guitar and piano rhythms on the upbeats. The word ska may have a onomatopoeia origins in a tradition of poetic or possibly even musical rythms. It is reported that the phrase "Skavoovie" was a greeting used by "Clue J," whenever greeting the Skatalites and Coxsone Dodd. Cluett Johnson, better known as Clue J. Johnson, or "Clue J" was the bassist and leader of "Clue J and the Blues Blasters." He lead that late 1950s Jamaican musical group. That music group spawned some of the greatest musicians of the ska era (1962-1966).
The master guitarist Ernest Ranglin, said that "the offbeat guitar scratching that he and other musicians played was referred to as 'skat! skat! skat!'"
Onomatopoeia-based music uses the mouth and vocal cords (that is, voice) as the primary musical instrument. A common music tool in European and American cultures uses the voice instrumental tool that is technically called a solfege. A solfege is a vocalized musical scale that is commonly known asDo-Re-Mi-Fa-Sol-La-Ti. A solfege may be sung, spoken or used in a combination. A variety of similar tools are found in scat singing of jazz, Delta blues and also rock and roll and the ska of reggae (the last which is also called Two Tone).
It should be noted that historically, some forms of onomatopoeia served as a mnemonic and a mimetic tool for musicians around the world. See mouth music.
Ska's popularity has waxed and waned since its original inception, and has had revivals of note in England in the 1980s (known as Two-Tone), and another wave of popularity in the 1990s (referred to as Third Wave Ska).
One of the most commercially successful bands of Two Tone ska music was Madness.
The biggest selling American bands of Third Wave Ska were the Mighty Mighty Bosstones and No Doubt, both of whom fused ska with rock music to the point of losing almost all Jamaican elements in their musics.
Further Reference
- Timothy White, Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley, UK:Corgi Books, 1983