メルフォード・スパイロ

メルフォード・スパイロ（Melford Elliot Spiro、1920年4月26日 - 2014年10月18日）は、アメリカ合衆国の文化人類学者である。彼は、ウェスターマーク効果に関するキブツの研究で知られている。1950年にペンシルベニア大学で博士号を取得して、のちにハーバード大学、カリフォルニア大学サンディエゴ校で人類学の教授を務めた。

主要出版物

• Spiro, Melford E.(1956) "Kibbutz:Venture in Utopia." Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
• Spiro, Melford E.(1958) "Children of the Kibbutz". Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• Spiro, Melford E.(1967) "Burmese Supernaturalism:A Study in the Explanation and Resolution of Suffering."Englewood Cliffs,N.J.:Prentice Hall.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1971) "Buddhism and Society: A Great Tradition and its Burmese Vicissitudes." New York: Harper and Row.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1977) "Kinship and Marriage in Burma:A Cultural and Psychodynamic Analysis." Los Angeles:University of California Press.
• Spiro,Melford E. (1979) "Gender and Culture:Kibbutz Women Revisited." Durham,N.C.:Duke University Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1982) "Oedipus in the Trobriands." Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1987) "Culture and Human Nature:Theoretical Papers of Melford E.Spiro." Benjamin Kilborne and L.L. Langness, eds.Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1992) "Anthropological Other or Burmese Brother? Studies in Cultural Analysis." New Brunswick (USA): Transaction Publishers.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1997) "Gender Ideology and Psychological Reality:An Essay on Cultural Reproduction." New Haven:Yale University Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1984) "Some Reflections on Cultural Determinism and Relativism with Special Reference to Emotion and Reason." pp. 323–346 in Culture Theory: essays on mind, self, and emotion, edited by R. A. Shweder and R. A. LeVine. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1986) "Cultural Relativism and the Future of Anthropology." Cultural Anthropology: Vol. 1, No. 3, 259-286.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1987) "Religious systems as culturally constituted defense mechanisms." pp. 145–160 in Culture and human nature: theoretical papers of Melford E. Spiro, edited by B. Kilborne and L. L. Langness. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1992) "On the strange and familiar in recent anthropological thought." pp. 53–70 in Anthropological Other or Burmese Brother? edited by M. E. Spiro. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Press.
• Spiro, Melford E. (1993) "Is the Western conception of the self "peculiar" within the context of the world cultures?" Ethos 21:107 - 153.
• Kilborne, Benjamin, and L.L. Langness, eds. (1987), Culture and human nature: Theoretical papers of Melford E. Spiro. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

日本語訳

• 『母系社会のエディプス :フロイト理論は普遍的か』(文化人類学叢書)井上兼行訳 紀伊国屋書店 1990